绝望的反抗——论路翎的悲剧意识

路翎小说中的主要人物都是带有流浪气息的艺术形象,无论是蒋纯祖,还是郭素娥,他们都是孤军奋战,孤独与死亡常相伴随,难逃民族与历史给予他们的重压,生活在个体灵与肉的双重煎熬中。生命个体面对无边无际的时空,他们所做的反抗从开始便已注定失败的结局,但这种绝望的反抗将生命意义彰显出来,使人获得了存在的意义。从死亡、孤独与绝望三个侧面来分析路翎小说的悲剧色彩。     

职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响 ——基于资源保存理论视角

基于资源保存理论视角,构建了一个有调节的中介模型,实证研究了职场孤独感对员工帮助行为的影响。结果显示：职场孤独感对员工帮助行为具有负向影响,关系认同在职场孤独感与员工帮助行为之间起中介作用,自我控制资源损耗负向调节了关系认同与员工帮助行为之间的关系,自我控制资源损耗调节了关系认同在职场孤独感和员工帮助行为之间发挥的中介作用。基于此,企业应重视员工的职场孤独感并加强管理,采取相应激励措施鼓励员工提高关系认同感,补充自我控制资源,从而降低职场孤独感对企业组织的不利影响。     

Life Satisfaction,Self-Esteem,and Loneliness Among LGB Adults and Heterosexual Adults in China

ABSTRACT

Low levels of life satisfaction have been linked to low self-esteem and loneliness, but this association has never been tested directly in LGB (lesbian/gay/bisexual) populations. We compared 275 Chinese LGB adults to 275 demographic-matched Chinese heterosexual controls on life satisfaction, self-esteem, and loneliness. LGB adults reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of loneliness than heterosexuals, but similar levels of overall life satisfaction. Self-esteem partially mediated (but did not moderate) the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in both groups. Hierarchical regressions indicated that demographic variables, loneliness, and self-esteem can predict life satisfaction in both LGB and heterosexual adults, but explained more variance of life satisfaction in the LGB group. Thus self-esteem and loneliness play a more important role in life satisfaction for LGB rather than heterosexual Chinese adults.     

Going solo: Findings from a survey of women aging without a partner and who do not have children

Greater longevity in the UK population has led to the increasing diversity of women experiencing aging in a multitude of ways. Internationally, gender inequalities in aging are still relatively invisible within both government policy and everyday life for particular groups of women. This article explores the concept of women growing older “solo”—by which we mean women who find themselves nonpartnered and aging without children as they move into later life. We report on the findings from a mixed-methods survey of 76 solo women in the UK aged 50 years and over, used to provide a broader overview of the issues and challenges they face as they move into later life. Qualitative data from the survey captured respondents’ perspectives about the links between their relationships status and well-being in later life and highlighted specific cumulative disadvantages emerging for some women as a result of their solo lifestyles. We discuss two key themes that were identified, “solo-loneliness” and “meaningful futures,” in conjunction with the relevant literature and make suggestions for future research within gender and aging studies that could enhance more positive approaches to solo lifestyles.     

Homemaking on the streets and beyond

Homemaking is associated with domiciled family life, community, and secure work. Moving beyond this perspective, we explore the experiences of people dislocated from family, community, and work, and their efforts to make a place for themselves. We consider a homeless man's efforts to make a home on the streets of Auckland in the absence of positive social ties, employment, and a domiciled abode. This case draws upon an auto-biographical interview, three photo-production projects and three photo-elicitation interviews with Daniel. We consider Daniel's profound sense of loneliness and efforts at imagining a domiciled home beyond the streets where he can forge meaningful relationships. Daniel is now re-housed, in part, as a result of insights from this research being used in social work practice.     

柳宗元谪居柳州文心发微

柳州四年是柳宗元一生的最后阶段,也是他创作的高峰期.尽管他在这四年的仕宦生涯中仍持守"辅时及物"之道,但终因长期的弃置使他内心几近绝望,故其创作风格既表现了犹待时用中的孤峭哀怨,又展现了人生大迷惘中的幽郁凄婉,这两种浓烈的悲剧性体验,使其人格和作品具有重要的悲剧美学价值.     

Social Support and its Correlation with Loneliness and Subjective Well-being: A Cross-cultural Study of Older Nepalese Adults

Population aging in Nepal is a recent phenomenon, due more to demographic changes than to socio-economic development. The study had three goals: to analyze the social support exchange among elderly men and women; to discover the main sources of support in loneliness and subjective well-being in the elderly; and to study the cross-cultural differences in support among elderly Chhetri ( N  = 137, mean age = 69.1 [7.2] years) and Newar people ( N  = 195, mean age = 68.8 [7.7] years) in one ward in Kathmandu. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews. The dependent variables were loneliness and subjective well-being (SWB). The results for both ethnic Chhetri and Newar respondents show that their major support comes from their children living in the same household and their spouses. I conclude that the sources of social support and social support exchange are similar between the two castes/ethnicities and that there are no cross-cultural differences between them in terms of support for loneliness and SWB-life stability, although there are cross-cultural differences in their SWB-life satisfaction. Providing social support to friends and neighbors appears to be related to less loneliness and increased SWB in both castes/ethnicities.     

Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in Singapore

The current study attempts to identify the prevalence rate of and risk factors associated with elder mistreatment in Singapore, a multi-ethnic nation in South-East Asia. Information on elder mistreatment was collected from 400 non-randomly selected cognitively intact older adults in a residential area of Singapore. Items on mistreatment were adopted from the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test and the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale. Standardized scales on activities of daily living, loneliness, and items on violence between family members were administered. The prevalence rate of mistreatment was 8.3%. A family environment characterized by psychological and physical abuse between family members and a social environment characterized by loneliness increased the vulnerability of older adults to mistreatment. Older adults who were mistreated reported more depression symptoms than those who were not.     

忧郁的迷狂——从艺术家个性看其作品的悲剧色彩

"忧郁意味着天才"是文艺复兴时期非常流行的观念,忧郁成为艺术家的代名词.从米开朗琪罗、伦勃朗、凡高、蒙克等西方艺术巨匠身上,看到了艺术家忧郁的个性,并在其作品中找到了忧郁个性的投射--艺术作品所涵盖的悲剧性色彩,我们也看到了悲剧因素在艺术作品中永恒的魅力.     

"三斗坪的故事"--论聂华苓的长篇小说《失去的金铃子》

<失去的金铃子>是一部"往事追忆型"的诗化小说,借抗战时期三峡小镇"三斗坪的故事"描写了一个女孩子的成长过程.小说充满了对淳朴的山乡大自然的无限眷念,蕴涵着透彻的人生感悟、深刻的人性描写,是作者于"绝望的寂寞"中对生活意义的追寻与思考.