Associations between sleep consolidation in infancy and peer relationships in middle childhood

Sleep plays an important role in many aspects of children's development. Research on children's sleep and their peer relationships has begun to emerge in the last years. However, these studies are mostly cross‐sectional. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between infant sleep and peer relationships in middle childhood. The sample comprised 72 children. Sleep was measured at 1 year using a sleep diary completed by mothers. In the second and third grades of elementary school (7 and 8 years of age), mothers and fathers reported on their children's functioning with peers. When they were in third grade, children were interviewed regarding their friendship quality with a best friend. Results revealed negative associations between children's sleep consolidation (i.e., ratio of nighttime sleep) and parent‐reported peer problems, and positive associations between sleep consolidation and perceived friendship quality. These findings suggest that well‐regulated sleep in infancy may help children develop the skills necessary for later appropriate social functioning in peer contexts.     

Managing the Risk of Aggressive Dog Behavior: Investigating the Influence of Owner Threat and Efficacy Perceptions

Aggressive behavior in pet dogs is a serious problem for dog owners across the globe, with bite injuries representing a serious risk to both people and other dogs. The effective management of aggressive behavior in dogs represents a challenging and controversial issue. Although positive reinforcement training methods are now considered to be the most effective and humane technique to manage the risk of aggression, punishment‐based methods continue to be used. Unfortunately, there has been little scientific study into the various factors influencing whether dog owners choose to use positive reinforcement techniques to manage aggression in their dogs. As such, current understanding of how best to encourage and support dog owners to use these methods remains extremely limited. This article uses a survey methodology based on protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the factors that influence owner use of positive reinforcement methods to manage aggressive behavior, in an attempt to understand potential barriers and drivers of use. In addition, the article provides an initial exploration of the potential role of wider psychological factors, including owner emotional state, social influence, and cognitive bias. Findings show that the perceived efficacy of positive reinforcement methods and the perceived ability of owners to effectively implement the technique are both key factors predicting future intentions and current reported use. Future interventions should focus on enhancing owner confidence in the effective use of positive reinforcement techniques across multiple scenarios, as well as helping owners manage their own emotional responses when they encounter challenging situations and setbacks.     

论科学宣传与经济建设的互动

科学宣传是科技转化为现实生产力的必经途径。科学宣传与经济建设是相互作用、相互促进的关系。科学宣传通过提高人的科技素质促进经济的发展 ;经济建设则为科学宣传提供物质支持和需求动力     

从语用学的视角看隐喻之意义

传统隐喻理论中比较有代表性的比较理论和互动理论都从纯粹的语义学角度解释隐喻。本文在证明此种途径的偏颇和不足的同时,将隐喻置于语用学的视野,结合隐喻使用中所涉及的语境等诸多因素以及会话含义理论来探索隐喻的语用学解释途径。     

图书馆特色化与学科建设

探讨了高校图书馆特色化建设与学科建设之间的互动性关系，提出了高校图书馆特色化建设的具体途径与方法，并指出在特色化建设时应注意的三个问题：层次定位、类型标准和精品战略。     

数字技术与法律之间的互动关系

数字技术的飞速发展 ,其辐射性、渗透性影响着人类法律生活的各个方面 :从法的规范到法的形式 ,从立法内容到立法过程 ,从执法到司法 ,几乎无一不在数字技术影响的范围内。这种全方位的影响既为法的进步和发展创造新的机遇和前提 ,又对法、法的运作和法学研究提出了挑战和问题 ,两者相互作用、相互协调、相互补充 ,共同推动全人类的进步     

中西传统诗歌中不同的自然意识及其哲学内蕴

中国传统诗歌中常常不以主观的情绪或知性的逻辑介入自然,力求以自然自身呈现的方式呈现自然,使之与人的情感平等交融;而西方传统诗歌则将人的感受放在主位,以人的情感而不以自然的存在为依归,使自然处于从属依附的地位.中国诗歌的这种现象可从老庄的道家思想中追溯哲学本源,而西方诗歌的此种倾向亦可从其文化中天人相分的传统哲学内涵中寻求根源.     

外语学习潜能开发机制

本文阐述了外语学习潜能开发的实质是指脑力开发,主要包括人的潜意识、智力因素、非智力因素及注意力等四个方面内容。按此内容,提出了潜意识与智力因素、潜意识与非智力因素、潜意识与注意、智力与非智力因素、智力因素和非智力因素与注意力等五个方面的外语学习潜能开发互动关系。     

关于MMCAI中人机交互界面的设计

论述了MMCAI人机交互界面的特性和类型，研究了人机交互界面结构的设计，并给出实例予以说明。     

试论党的基层组织建设与人的全面发展

“促进人的全面发展”是党的基层组织建设工作的内在要求 ,党的基层组织建设是推进“人的全面发展”的坚实基础 ,二者是互动的关系。在新形势下 ,党的基层组织建设要为“人的全面发展”开辟新途径。