试析WTO争端解决的国际法拘束力

WTO成立以来的实践表明 ,其争端解决具有相当强的国际法拘束力 ,保证了WTO各项规则基本上得以有效实施 ,成为该组织的核心机制。本文从理论与实践结合的视角 ,分析WTO争端解决的国际法拘束力 ,着重从WTO争端解决的拘束力之条约依据、实践考察和存在问题三方面进行研究 ,并力图从一般国际法理论的高度来解释WTO的争端解决及其意义     

《海洋自由论》及其国际法思想

本文介绍了格老秀斯《海洋自由论》的主要内容及其蕴涵的国际法思想。格老秀斯以自然法理论为基础 ,从葡萄牙对东印度无主权、无权垄断海洋和海上航行权以及无权垄断国际贸易权等三个角度来阐释其海洋自由和贸易自由理论 ;其蕴涵的国际法思想主要有 :航行自由和捕鱼自由、贸易自由、无害通过权、人类共同财产及和平论与和平解决国际争端等。这些闪耀着国际法思想光芒的真知灼见对今天的国际海洋法制度有着深刻的影响。在强权政治仍然主宰世界的今天 ,重温格老秀斯的国际法思想 ,仍有着积极意义。     

湖湘大地才是炎帝文化的母体——兼与中华炎黄文化研究会商讨“炎帝故里”问题

湖南是原始拜火教的发源地和稻作农业的诞生地,也是炎帝族中心聚落的所在地,湖南才是炎帝文化的母体。中华炎黄研究会认为山西高平是炎帝故里的说法缺乏关键证据支持,因而难以成立。     

税务信息管理权与保护权的冲突与平衡

实践中税务机关与纳税人在信息采集、保有及使用方面存在激烈冲突。究其原因在于公权力与私权利冲突具有必然性、税务信息的权利（力）边界不明且经济性日益凸显及税务机关信息管理的责任机制不健全。借鉴域外经验,中国税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的平衡之道在于限制公权力并进一步保障私权利,坚持税收法定、个人权利保护及狭义比例等原则。具体而言,需明确税务机关信息管理权与纳税人信息保护权的范围,构建税务信息分层管理机制,严格化税务机关信息管理的程序,完善纳税人信息的争端解决机制与违法取用纳税人信息的责任机制并加强对税务机关信息管理权的监督,促进税务信息领域的公权力与私权利从冲突中走向平衡。     

西安事变和平解决的主要因素

西安事变的和平解决成为国共两党由内战到合作杭日时局转换的枢纽,促成西安事变和平解决的主要因素有：一、中国共产党以民族大计为重,从中协调。二、蒋介石被迫反省,改弦更张。三、张学良、杨虎城两位将军无私无畏,肝胆相照。四、宋氏兄妹从中斡旋,入情入理。西安事变得以和平解决是诸多因素促成的结果,缺少任何一个方面,西安事变的和平解决都是不可能的。     

论聚居环境规划设计中的“曲”与“直”

以人类聚居环境建设为背景,通过对规划设计中"曲""直"不同层面的对比,分析由于观念问题所导致的认识上的偏差。从价值观念角度出发,探讨以"曲"为象征规划设计的深层内涵,提出其在人类聚居环境建设中的充分性和必要性。     

Interpreting conflict and integration through the reciprocity lens: mobility and settlement in a historical perspective on the Sierra Leonean coast

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Sierra Leone has witnessed intense population movements. During the civil war (1991–2002), many populations fled the fighting zones of the interior to take refuge on the coast. Since the conflict ended, new populations have reached the coastal area with the hope of accessing economic opportunities in the fishing business. Mobility, along with changing sociopolitical and economic conditions, has generated conflict between immigrants and Sherbro populations, who consider themselves autochthonous and deny migrants the freedom to access political and land rights. The paper argues that present dynamics of conflicts are rooted in long-term patterns of settlement and relationships of reciprocity between groups. Relations between migrants and local populations are grounded in a sociocultural idiom that implies the institutionalization of practices of reciprocity between local inhabitants (hosts) and later settlers (strangers). The host/stranger reciprocity system is an emic model of cultural action embedded in historical and power relations between groups. It implies the progressive integration of strangers into the host society. This paper highlights how, in a situation of conflict, long-established social relationships between groups are reevaluated with reference to norms of integration and reciprocity. The paper draws on Sherbro oral traditions to show how social memories about interethnic relations are reframed with reference to values and expectations of reciprocity, in order to explain the recent conflict that opposes Sherbros to immigrants. Sherbros use oral traditions to interpret these tensions in a long-term perspective, thereby expressing their own view on settlement, conflict and integration.     

The Scalability of the Shack/Slum Dwellers International Methodology: Context and Constraint in Cape Town

Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) was created by the Indian Alliance and South African partners. SDI has affiliates in 33 countries and is probably the world's largest network of community peer‐to‐peer knowledge exchange in the area of slum/informal settlement upgrading. Common to the Indian Alliance's ‘Federation Model’ and the SDI methodology are a commitment to community organization and community‐led upgrading that is undertaken in partnership with local government. In a context where it is projected that there will be two billion slum dwellers by 2030, the ambition is to enable tens of millions of households to obtain upgraded housing and services. This article questions the scalability and universality of the SDI methodology in Cape Town, where the SDI Secretariat is located.     

对一个撒拉族移民乡村的民族学调查

世居于青海省循化县的少部分撒拉族从20世纪30年代开始陆续迁居该省乌兰县希里沟地区,逐步形成柴达木盆地第一个撒拉族移民村落。文章在民族学田野工作的基础上,反映了该村人口迁移、婚姻家庭、教育、宗教及经济文化类型的变化等基本情况。     

丝绸之路陇右段粟特人踪迹钩沉

中古时期,中亚粟特人沿着丝绸之路不断东来入华。学界对东迁粟特人及其后裔的聚落分布做过系统梳理,但对陇右段粟特人考论不多,造成了丝绸之路粟特聚落分布在研究上的断裂缺环。陇右东去关中,西通河西、青海,南下蜀中,北达宁夏,是交通枢纽之地,也是粟特人流动经行的必由之所。传世史籍、出土墓志、墓葬文物、石窟题记、敦煌文献及其他各种文物中保留了一些陇右地区粟特人的相关信息,反映出他们在天水、陇西、兰州、河州、成州、西平、廓州等地的聚落分布与生活状况。在这些地方,粟特人及其后裔或定居或经行,或贸易或任官,甚至形成军事武装聚落,也形成了陇西米氏、西平曹氏等郡望,他们成为陇右民众的有机组成部分。