Visualization of generalized mean estimators using auxiliary information in survey sampling

Abstract

The mean estimators with ratio depend on multiple auxiliary variables and unknown parameters in a finite population setting. We propose a new generalized approach with matrices for modeling the mutivariate mean estimators with two auxiliary variables. Our approach brings naturally a graphical analysis for comparing mean estimators.     

Kurtosis modelling by means of the J-transformation

Summary: The H–family of distributions or H–distributions, introduced by Tukey (1960; 1977), are generated by a single transformation of the standard normal distribution and allow for leptokurtosis represented by the parameter h. Alternatively, Haynes et al. (1997) generated leptokurtic distributions by applying the K–transformation to the normal distribution. In this study we propose a third transformation, the so–called J–transformation, and derive some properties of this transformation. Moreover, so-called elongation generating functions (EGFs) are introduced. By means of EGFs we are able to visualize the strength of tail elongation and to construct new transformations. Finally, we compare the three transformations towards their goodness–of–fit in the context of financial return data.     

变质量任意阶非线性非完整系统的相对论性广义Mac-Millan型方程

提出了变质量系统的相对论性万有D’Alembert原理,构造了相对论性广义动能函数,建立了变质量任意阶非线性非完整系统在准坐标下和广义坐标下的相对论性广义Mar-Millan型方程,并得到厂相应的型方程     

串联冰蓄冷系统设计中的泵能耗分析

介绍了串联冰蓄冷系统设计中泵能耗的3种节能方法：串联泵，变频泵和制冷机旁通，通过对某工程实例的模拟计算，对比分析了这3种方式的节能效果，提出了有效的节能方式。     

WEIGHTED SUMS OF NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED RANDOM VARIABLES

In this paper, we establish strong laws for weighted sums of negatively associated (NA) random variables which have a higher‐order moment condition. Some results of Bai Z.D. & Cheng P.E. (2000) [Marcinkiewicz strong laws for linear statistics. Statist. and Probab. Lett. 43, 105–112,] and Sung S.K. (2001) [Strong laws for weighted sums of i.i.d. random variables, Statist. and Probab. Lett. 52, 413–419] are sharpened and extended from the independent identically distributed case to the NA setting. Also, one of the results of Li D.L. et al. (1995) [Complete convergence and almost sure convergence of weighted sums of random variables. J. Theoret. Probab. 8, 49–76,] is complemented and extended.     

一类二阶变系数微分方程的解

通过变量变换 ,将变系数线性常微分方程化为常系数线性常微分方程 ,再利用常数变易法给出了一类二阶变系数非齐线性微分方程的通解。     

Cultural Variables and International Business

IntroductionCulturegivesanindividualananchoringpoint,ani dentity ,aswellascodesofconduct (MichaelR ,Iikka ,andMichaelH 2 0 0 2 :33) .Ofmorethan 16 0definitionsofculture (AlfredandClyde 1985 :11) ,mostagreeonsomebasicprinciples ,butthereisalotofvariationonthedetails .Cultureisalsomultidimensional ,consistingofanumberofcommonelementsthatareinterdependent.Thedifferencesinculturehaveanimportantimpactonmanyaspectsofamultinationalcompany’sactivity .Thispaperwillmainlydiscusstheeffectofsomeofthe…     

Sampling design proportional to order statistic of auxiliary variable

The sampling designs dependent on sample moments of auxiliary variables are well known. Lahiri (Bull Int Stat Inst 33:133–140, 1951) considered a sampling design proportionate to a sample mean of an auxiliary variable. Sing and Srivastava (Biometrika 67(1):205–209, 1980) proposed the sampling design proportionate to a sample variance while Wywiał (J Indian Stat Assoc 37:73–87, 1999) a sampling design proportionate to a sample generalized variance of auxiliary variables. Some other sampling designs dependent on moments of an auxiliary variable were considered e.g. in Wywiał (Some contributions to multivariate methods in, survey sampling. Katowice University of Economics, Katowice, 2003a); Stat Transit 4(5):779–798, 2000) where accuracy of some sampling strategies were compared, too.These sampling designs cannot be useful in the case when there are some censored observations of the auxiliary variable. Moreover, they can be much too sensitive to outliers observations. In these cases the sampling design proportionate to the order statistic of an auxiliary variable can be more useful. That is why such an unequal probability sampling design is proposed here. Its particular cases as well as its conditional version are considered, too. The sampling scheme implementing this sampling design is proposed. The inclusion probabilities of the first and second orders were evaluated. The well known Horvitz–Thompson estimator is taken into account. A ratio estimator dependent on an order statistic is constructed. It is similar to the well known ratio estimator based on the population and sample means. Moreover, it is an unbiased estimator of the population mean when the sample is drawn according to the proposed sampling design dependent on the appropriate order statistic.     

谈变动成本法的应用

就变动成本法与财务成本核算实现合二为一核算体制———实行单轨核算,进行研究,提出一套行之有效的核算办法,这将有利于企业责任成本的落实和实施,减轻会计人员的工作量;有利于企业生产经营的短期预决策,提高应对市场的快速反映能力。