This paper examines the growth and welfare effects of physical capital taxation and labor income taxation. It is found that
the impact of a rise in the physical capital tax rate on the balanced growth rate is crucially related to the birth rate,
but a rise in the labor income tax rate definitely reduces the balanced growth rate regardless of the birth rate. It is also
found that an increase in the physical capital income tax rate will harm the older but will benefit the younger, while an
increase in the labor income tax rate will benefit the older but will harm the younger.
The recurrence of child maltreatment substantiation among families served by South Korea’s Child Protection Agency has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study explores the recurrence of child maltreatment substantiation and related risk factors using the administrative data from the National Child Protection Agency (NCPA) . Multilevel discrete time-hazard analysis is employed. We found that the risk of recurrence is greatest during the first month after initial substantiation. Younger children, those with disabilities, children with a greater number of vulnerabilities, families on welfare, father-headed families and impoverished communities had a heightened risk of recurrence of child maltreatment substantiation. The implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
Two decades of neuropsychological research on predominantly Caucasian problem gamblers has unveiled significantly poorer performance on several domains of executive functioning (EF) relative to healthy controls. However, contradictory findings are widespread and evidence that pathological gamblers (PGs) are ‘impaired’ remains inconclusive. The study examined multiple facets of EF in 30 male, PGs seeking outpatient treatment in Singapore and 30 matched controls. CANTAB® tests of planning and organization/problem-solving, set-shifting, working memory and reflection impulsivity, were administered alongside the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and Dysexecutive Questionnaire. No significant group differences were found on any of the EF performance parameters, with performance falling in the healthy, unimpaired range for both groups. PGs did, however, report significantly greater impulsivity, everyday cognitive failures and symptoms of the dysexecutive syndrome. Exploratory analysis on a subgroup of PGs addicted to non-strategic gambling activities revealed poorer EF performance than among those addicted to strategic gambling activities. The findings suggest an absence of EF deficits despite higher trait impulsivity in Asian, predominantly strategic PGs. Hence, psychological interventions such as CBT and treatment approaches that emphasize the use of self-monitoring and informed decision-making to reduce impulsive behaviours should be suited to this population. 相似文献
In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neuropsychological testing, and brain pathology of a man with dementia with Lewy bodies. Dementia with Lewy bodies might be the second most common form of degenerative dementia in the elderly. Progressive cognitive decline, well-formed visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism are core features of this disease. This case was marked by preserved verbal expression despite impairment in memory, visuospatial skills, and attention span. Development of visual symptoms and parkinsonism occurred very early in the course of the disease. 相似文献
In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neuropsychological testing, and brain pathology of a man with Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD commonly presents with impairment of memory and language function. In this case, language difficulties were noted more prominently than was memory impairment. Throughout the limbic system and neocortex of the patient were large numbers of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, the pathological hallmarks of AD. 相似文献
In this case study, we describe the symptoms, neuropsychological testing, and brain pathology of a man with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). FTD most often presents with either a change in personality or behavior, such as social withdrawal, increased gregariousness, disinhibition, or obsessive behaviors; or with impairment of language function. Memory difficulties are common, but usually are less prominent than these other symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Frequently, psychiatric diagnoses are initially the primary consideration. Cases may be either familial or sporadic. In this familial case, an autopsy was ultimately performed and revealed findings characteristic of FTD, with grossly evident focal brain degeneration in the frontal and temporal regions, microscopic signs of gliosis, and cellular abnormalities of the intracellular microtubule-associated protein tau. 相似文献
Measures of the spread of data for random sums arise frequently in many problems and have a wide range of applications in real life, such as in the insurance field (e.g., the total claim size in a portfolio). The exact distribution of random sums is extremely difficult to determine, and normal approximation usually performs very badly for this complex distributions. A better method of approximating a random-sum distribution involves the use of saddlepoint approximations.
Saddlepoint approximations are powerful tools for providing accurate expressions for distribution functions that are not known in closed form. This method not only yields an accurate approximation near the center of the distribution but also controls the relative error in the far tail of the distribution.
In this article, we discuss approximations to the unknown complex random-sum Poisson–Erlang random variable, which has a continuous distribution, and the random-sum Poisson-negative binomial random variable, which has a discrete distribution. We show that the saddlepoint approximation method is not only quick, dependable, stable, and accurate enough for general statistical inference but is also applicable without deep knowledge of probability theory. Numerical examples of application of the saddlepoint approximation method to continuous and discrete random-sum Poisson distributions are presented. 相似文献
Based on the replies of 36 Korean university students, we analyzed the structural properties that underpin the culture-bound concept of Cheong. Cheong embodies the emotional links among individuals connected to each other by feelings of we-ness and exhibiting the humanistic side of their selves. It is concluded that Western models of the nature of persons and of social relationships are insufficient to account for the socioemotional characteristics of Koreans. 相似文献