Information security governance: pending legal responsibilities of non-executive boards

The study shows that a structural conflict of interest in non-executive boards exists due to missing corporate governance structures and a lack of awareness for legal issues with regard to information security risks. Non-executive boards receive information on strategic security threats as a part of their oversight function to fulfill investor interest in transparency. At the same time, they act as representatives of company stakeholders and have an interest to counteract to information security risks based on the stakeholder’s risk disposition. If not properly structured by corporate governance rules, these different interests may lead to regulatory aberrations on non-executive board level. The study analyses a Deutsche Telekom AG case where non-executive board members, employees, and journalists fell victim to a spying scandal subject to the German telecommunications secrecy law in 2005–2006. The analysis demonstrates how the handling of information security on non-executive board level bears governance risks as well as legal risks that are insufficiently addressed in corporate governance research. The paper contributes to avoid a reproduction of events in the future, by suggesting the principle of a segregation of duties on non-executive boards as well as providing an overview of relevant legislative requirements that clarify tasks of non-executive board members with regard to information security. The study therefore helps protecting corporations and their stakeholders from similar consequences of missing corporate security governance.     

卢旺达的多语教育政策与汉语传播

卢旺达的多语环境现状与其历史和政治权利斗争有关，前殖民地语言——法语和象征意识形态的英语成了种族大屠杀之后替代种族区分的身份标志。多语教育政策在法语、英语、卢旺达语错综复杂的关系背景下出台。实施之后，卢旺达语渐渐受到重视，英语的地位依然稳固，法语日渐式微。但限于客观条件、政治环境以及目前多语教育政策实施效果不理想等因素，卢旺达的语言教育仍面临诸多难题。卢旺达的多语教育现状给汉语传播带来了契机，也带来了挑战。
     

An examination of social work interventions for use with displaced Iraqi households in Jordan

The purpose of this paper is to identify and examine how models of social work intervention are being used with displaced Iraqi households in Jordan. The review of the situation of displaced Iraqis in Jordan identifies the size, characteristics and experiences of this group, Jordanian government policies towards them, and the role of IGOs and NGOs dealing with them. The literature review of social work interventions with refugees internationally identifies a range of psycho-social and community-based intervention models that are contextual, some of which include spiritual dimensions. The paper reviews social work interventions in use with Iraqi households in Jordan and concludes that these need to be focused at the individual, household and community levels using an inter-professional, holistic approach that includes spiritual dimensions, and that coordination between agencies is essential.     

The three governances in social innovation

This paper explores the relationship between governance and social innovation in the area of organizations. In order to understand that relationship, we offer a model that links the absorptive capacity of knowledge [Cohen and Levinthal 1990. “Absorptive Capacity: A new Perspective on Learning and Innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (1): 128–152] with open innovation [Chesbrough and Di Minin 2014. “Open Social Innovation.” In New Frontiers in Open Innovation, edited by H. Chesbrough, W. Vanhaverbeke, and J. West, 169–187. Oxford: Oxford University Press]. On the basis of the pilot study Regional Social Innovation Index carried out in the Basque Country (Spain), we empirically explore three types of governance (social, inter-organizational, and sustainable) in social innovation projects propelled by four types of key agents at a regional level: profit and non-profit organizations, universities, and technology centers. The proposed governance Index in Social Innovation contributes to discussions about governance and social innovation at a micro level and, and to the debate about the production of indicators in social innovation.     

当代中国的音乐及社会差序——京剧票友会与摇滚乐队“派对”比较研究

本文主要探讨当代中国的两种音乐活动形式——京剧票友会以及摇滚乐队派对。这两种音乐形式虽然在风格上截然不同,但是两种社团在结构上却存在着一定的相似性。这两种活动形式基本上都具有我们所称之为＂为位＂（positioning）的行为,参与者由此在音乐活动中找到他们各自的位置。而且,两种活动形式都涉及到＂外来者的融入＂（outsider integration）,即允许陌生人的参与并在活动中找到他们的位置。     

秋阳·创巴活佛对于藏传佛教西方传播的贡献

2014年是秋阳·创巴活佛圆寂二十七周年。他是二十世纪以来将藏传佛教佛法传播至西方世界的开拓性重要人物。他非凡的人生经历和佛法教导内容，至今仍在塑造并影响藏传佛教全球化的发展传播。     

Reciprocal Family,Friendship and Church Support Networks of African Americans: Findings from the National Survey of American Life

This study examined reciprocal support networks involving extended family, friends and church members among African Americans. Our analysis examined specific patterns of reciprocal support (i.e., received only, gave only, both gave and received, neither gave or received), as well as network characteristics (i.e., contact and subjective closeness) as correlates of reciprocal support. The analysis is based on the African American subsample of the National Survey of American Life. Overall, our findings indicate that African Americans are very involved in reciprocal support networks with their extended family, friends and church members. Respondents were most extensively involved in reciprocal supports with extended family members, followed closely by friends and church networks. Network characteristics (i.e., contact and subjective closeness) were significantly and consistently associated with involvement with reciprocal support exchanges for all three networks. These and other findings are discussed in detail. This study complements previous work on the complementary roles of family, friend and congregational support networks, as well as studies of racial differences in informal support networks.     

一位法国人类学家在中国的田野实践——法国人类学家庄雪婵专访

庄雪婵副教授在访谈中谈到了其作为一名法国人类学家在中国进行田野实践的过程。在研究过程中,她深受法国人类学结构主义重要代表人物路易。杜蒙的影响,她运用杜蒙的“个人主义”理论对中国社会中的“个人”与“整体”关系进行了深入分析,她提出,在中国,虽然现代的音乐活动(如摇滚乐队)和传统的音乐活动(如“京剧票友”)在风格上截然不同,但是它们在结构上却存在着一定的相似性。另外,她也根据自己的跨文化研究经验,指出一个人类学家在田野中必须保持自己独立的思想、理性的思维,并做到不以自己的文化来衡量“他者”的文化。同时,她也对现代化进程中传统文化的急速消逝表现出了一个人类学家的忧虑,她呼吁人类学家应该尽快到乡村把这些濒临消逝的传统文化记录下来。     

A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial of testosterone gel on body composition and health-related quality-of-life in men with hypogonadal to low-normal levels of serum testosterone and symptoms of androgen deficiency over 6 months with 12 months open-label follow-up

Introduction: The clinical significance of low to low-normal testosterone (T) levels in men remains debated. Aim: To analyze the effects of raising serum T on lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), total body mass, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL). Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Men, aged 50–80 years, with serum total T<15 nmol/L and bioavailable T < 6.68 nmol/L, and a Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS) total score >36, received 6 months treatment with transdermal 1% T gel (5–7.5?mg/day; n =183) or placebo gel (n =179), followed by 12 months open-label with T in all. Results: After 6 months, LBM increased in T- treated patients by 1.28?±?0.15?kg (mean ± SE) and FM decreased by 1.16?±?0.16?kg, with minor changes with placebo (LBM +0.02?±?0.10?kg and FM ?0.14?±?0.12?kg; all p < 0.001, T group vs. placebo). Changes were largely similar across subgroups of age, baseline total testosterone, and baseline BMI. Total HRQoL improved compared with placebo (p < 0.05, T group vs. placebo). Conclusions: Six months 1% T gel improved body composition and HRQoL in symptomatic men with low to low-normal T, with further improvements over the following 12 months.