Not All Laws are Created Equal: Legal Differences in State Non-Discrimination Laws and the Impact of LGBT Employment Protections

In this paper, I study the impact of legal differences in state employment nondiscrimination acts (ENDAs) for gay men and lesbian women on labor market outcomes. Employing a DDD approach, I show that enacting an employment non-discrimination act is associated with increased wages of gay men and decreased employment of lesbian women. If all employment non-discrimination acts are treated as identical, these laws increased the hourly wages of gay men by 2.7% and decreased the employment of lesbian women by 1.7% and their hours worked by 0.7 hours. The results show that the strength of the law can result in heteroge-neous effects of the laws for gay men, but not for lesbian women. ENDAs with both punitive and compensatory damage provisions resulted in smaller wage increases for gay men than ENDAs with only compensatory damage provisions. ENDAs with longer statutes of limitations for complaints increased the employment of gay men, whereas laws with shorter statutes of limitations decreased employment. Based on the estimates from the state-level employment non-discrimination acts, I argue that extending federal protections under Title VII would lead to a small increase in the wages of gay men, but would significantly reduce the employment of lesbian women.     

现代中国多民族国家策略——“民族”识别的历史动因探源

以云南地区的多元和多样性表现为例探讨现代中国多民族国家的策略和历史境遇。通过梳理中国历史上民族国家策略的历史进程，发现中国近现代历史中国民党和共产党在民族国家策略上的差异，以及现代中国“民族”识别的出现，是中国深远的历史情境中的一个必然结果，亦是中国共产党建立现代国家与各民族达成共识的基本路径。     

Migration as a window to empowerment: Nepalese women's experiences in South Korea

ABSTRACT

Migrant women are often described as victims of the global economy: accounts of human rights abuses and economic exploitation have eclipsed more positive accounts of the impact of migrant work on women's lives. Some migrant women are positioned to make use of new opportunities which they see as empowering, in contrast to earlier experiences in their homes or sending countries. This study, based on qualitative interviews with 13 young Nepalese women working in manufacturing and agricultural sectors with Employment Permits in South Korea, highlights a rather positive window of women's empowerment. It shares the perspectives of young, mostly single women who gain self-confidence through their new ability to take care of their family (some becoming primary breadwinners). The women are also able to plan for their economic futures, and report their voices being heard more in important family decision-making. These material, relational, and perceptual improvements are all important dimensions of empowerment. In these experiences, gender intersects with age and other factors to produce a nuanced view of specific young women's experience of migrant work.     

大学面向新世纪的学生工作新模式

新的历史时期，大学面临新的挑战和机遇。大学学生工作是大学育人体系中的一个非常重要的组成部分。大学面向新世纪的学生工作必须创新模式。这个模式的主要内容是切实加强和改进学生思想政治工作；不断改革和创新学生管理工作；着力建立和健全学生工作服务体系；努力培育和造就一支高素质的学工干部队伍。     

Strategic planning for distribution

The process of long range planning is relatively new to both the corporation and the distribution area. Until recent years the distribution function was considered a functional area which reacted to, rather than anticipated, corporate marketing effort. New technology in data processing and other areas has provided the support capability for developing both tactical and strategic planning. With this increased capability has come a new responsibility for distribution management to be future oriented—to anticipate the appropriate support role of physical distribution in supporting both short term and long term corporate goals.     

器物之用——物质性的人类学探究

当代学界对器物与物品的研究,总易建立在主体与客体、理性与感性的二分之上,从而或将器物视为社会关系或社会性的反映,或将物抽离于语境来研究。这也使得当代博物馆的建立与陈列中,器物被去除其灵性与意义,器物与其制造者、使用者、消费者,甚至博物馆参观者之间的生动联系被割裂,而成为死气沉沉之物。本文引入拉图尔的“事实拜物教”（factishism）一词,并不再局限于仅从器物的制造角度来看物,而是重新探讨器物之灵性,即器物何以通过仪式等方式而被激活,从而获得一种自主性。这样一种视角,也是对破除欧洲中心主义器物研究的有力反思。     

Community Resources in a Diverse City: Supermarket Location and Emerging Racial Hierarchies

Disparities are pronounced along racial/ethnic lines in the USA. Convention draws our attention to blacks and whites, but increased racial/ethnic diversity in the USA requires shifts in that focus. We contribute to studies of racial/ethnic stratification by interrogating the association between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location in Houston, Texas. First, we assess the benefits of a new approach to defining the racial/ethnic composition of local areas, an approach that acknowledges an increasingly complex racial/ethnic demography. Second, we contribute to our understanding of emerging racial/ethnic stratification hierarchies by examining the position of the racial/ethnic composition categories relative to one another. Our results suggest a persistent link between racial/ethnic composition and supermarket location, which highlights entrenched black disadvantage coupled with malleable middle positions for Hispanic areas. The associated stratification hierarchy is gradual in nature, yet there is evidence supporting arguments that the USA is moving toward a tri-racial system.     

伦理的政治化和政治的伦理化

孔子与苏格拉底都是早期人类思想史中的重要人物。他们虽然生长在不同的文化背景下，但二人的思想却暗含着诸多的相似性。在这些相似性之中，可以窥见东西方文化之侧重点、价值取向等等方面的不同。两位先哲虽然都努力寻求政治和伦理的和谐互助，但却表现了将伦理政治化和政治伦理化两个不同向度。