Seemingly unrelated regression on the autoregressive (Ar(p)) singular equation system

This paper studies the estimation of seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) of singular equation systems with an autoregressive error process (AR(p)) for each equation.Parameter estimates of the autoregressive singular equation system are not generally invariant to the equation deleted. Under the model specification restriction on the autoregressive parameters, the invariance property is preserved, and this paper shows that a single equation generalized least squares (GLS) estimation for a general autoregressive error process is equivalent to the SURGLS estimation of the AR(p) singular equation system.     

Cognitive and interpersonal abilities related to the primary activities of R&D managers

This study attempted to identify the primary activities performed by R&D managers at different supervisory levels, and the cognitive and interpersonal ability requirements that underlie these activities. A task inventory containing 244 managerial tasks was completed by 117 R&D managers in nine organizations. The 48 tasks which managers rated as having spent the most time were factor analyzed, resulting in the identification of three primary activities: project management, personnel supervision, and strategic planning. Furthermore, these activities varied with supervisory level, with R&D managers performing a wider range of these activities with the progression from first-line to upper-level management.Thirty R&D managers later rated the degree to which 19 cognitive and interpersonal abilities were required for performing these primary activities. Strategic planning was rated as requiring significantly higher levels of oral expression, logical reasoning, originality, fluency of ideas, oral defense, and resistance to premature judgement than was required for the other two primary activities. Personnel supervision required a higher level of social sensitivity than was required for the other two activities. Project management required high levels of information ordering, oral fact- finding ability, problem sensitivity, and oral and written comprehension. Implications of the findings for understanding R&D managerial performance and personnel staffing functions are discussed.     

Racial differences in urban neighboring

Despite mixed expectations generated by existing theories and evidence, this analysis documents clear racial differences in urban neighboring behavior. Using data from a survey of Nashville, Tennessee, residents, we show that blacks interact with their neighbors more often than whites do, and in a greater variety of ways. The only noteworthy similarity between the two groups is the positive impact of neighboring on feelings of community affect. Overall, our results support the view that neighbor relations — like other kinds of informal participation — have helped blacks cope with constrained social opportunities and provided them with access to resources unavailable through formal institutional channels.Revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August 1989.     

论股权质押的设立

股权质押的设立是股权质押制度的关键内容。在我国担保法的规定基础上,结合公司法关于股份转让的规定,分析了可质押的股权范围,探讨了股权质押的设立条件,特别就股权质押的设定和股权质押合同之间的关系进行了学理分析,并提出了较新观点。     

心理契约在企业管理中的应用

在企业和员工之间,除了正式的、显性的聘任契约外,还存在着隐含的、非正式的、未公开说明的心理契约。面对许多行业引入市场机制后所带来的改制、竞争等严峻形势,存在于组织和组织成员之间的这种心理契约关系对激发和调动员工的积极性,增强组织凝聚力,实现组织成员的个人目标与组织目标的有机统一,保证企业快速、健康和高效的发展,必将起到积极的推动作用。     

现代性的反叛与理论社会学的前景

现代性又一次显示了自己的永新特征:它不断脱出既有的形貌,日益变得轻盈、灵巧、液化、流变,它的经验结果也更为不确定和难以预料。这造成了现代叙事和想像的“衰败”,也使社会学的批判和反思走向亢奋。然而,在西方社会学“新三圣”的现代性理论中,激进具象下隐匿的深沉困惑和焦虑表明,这无以挽回旧式现代性的总体颓落之势。与此同时,现代性在中国正面对着一种新生。“社会互构”理论指出了新型现代性的大趋势,即以人为本而不是以资本为本的实践选择,正在促使资本从目的性意义向手段性位置回归。这一理论还阐释了,通过多元社会主体的“互构谐变”,推进社会沟通、对话、协商以及论坛和听证的制度化,实现我们对于和谐社会的共同期待。正是这一来自实践的理路,使理论社会学拥有了一个赢得未来的起点。     

多元文化背景下的教育公平问题

我国是一个拥有 5 6个民族 ,其中 5 5个为少数民族的多民族国家。民族自治区域占全国 6 4 % ,人口超过 1亿 ,操 80多种语言 ,用 39种文字。由于汉族人口占绝大多数 ,且分布广 ,其生产与经营活动范围大 ,所以 ,汉语自然成为各民族的族际语。随着各民族的频繁交流和相互依赖 ,大部分少数民族地区已经形成了“民汉兼通”的双语社会形式 ,也因此建立了以实施双语教育为主的学校教育体系。少数民族地区的学校教育体系是整个国家学校教育体系的一个组成部分 ,虽然教师可以用不同的语言教学生 ,但是教授的内容、评价的标准、选拔的形式 ,即课程和考试的标准却是统一的。从各个地区的中考和高考的情况看 ,少数民族学生被淘汰的比例远远高于汉族学生。许多研究也证明 ,大多数少数民族学生在小学和中学的学习有困难 ,甚至跟不上学习进度 ,辍学率较高。许多专家经过研究后归纳出了多种原因 :或是智商问题 ;或是人口素质问题 ;或是经验与文化上的冲突 ;或是对学校教育的不适应 ;或是经济贫困等原因。这些原因都有一定道理 ,但有一个根本的问题 ,即应当从教育公平方面探讨少数民族学生的教育问题     

对核心竞争力理论在我国企业有效应用的探讨

本文在研究核心竞争力理论的最新发展动态的基础上 ,探讨了其对于中国企业的作用以及在引入过程中出现的一些问题 ,以期对我国企业更好地应用该战略管理理论 ,提升本企业竞争力有所帮助     

面对西学:梁漱溟对中国文化的阐释与批评

梁漱溟是现代新儒学的开启人 ,在儒学发展史上具有重要地位。他不仅对儒学的现代转换做了巨大努力 ,同时对中国文化的缺陷进行了尖锐的批评 ,而这一点正是学界在研究梁漱溟乃至整个现代新儒学时所忽视的。认真探讨这一问题 ,无论是对于深化中国现代学术史研究 ,还是对于当代中国文化建设 ,都具有重要理论意义     

我国西部交通建设的公共经济学分析

从公共经济学的角度论证了交通运输设施的公共产品性及其外部效应 ,进而对西部交通运输建设进行分析 ,认为西部交通规划是西部交通建设的首要问题 ,加大政府转移支付力度是解决西部交通建设的主要途径 ,产权界定和收费制度是解决西部交通建设带来的生态环境破坏的重要方法。