Rural poverty and ecological problems: Results of a new type of baseline study

This baseline study used data from a informant survey of 76 rural communities in Central Tunisia to construct, first, measures of rural poverty and ecological deterioration and, second, indices of the major institutional complexes in the region. Using factor analysis, the study identified five institutional dimensions: services, religious institutions, mechanized agriculture, irrigated agriculture and sedentary herding. These dimensions were then used as independent variables in a regression analysis of the two social indicators with the results that sedentary herding and religious institutions (negative) predict ecological problems, and the same two dimensions, with the addition of services (negative) predict poor housing. Compared to household survey baselines, this one is less expensive, simpler to analyze and provides an analytic picture of the institutional structure, in relation to key indicators, of a region.     

Non‐Manipulable House Allocation With Rent Control

In many real‐life house allocation problems, rents are bounded from above by price ceilings imposed by a government or a local administration. This is known as rent control. Because some price equilibria may be disqualified given such restrictions, this paper proposes an alternative equilibrium concept, called rationing price equilibrium, tailored to capture the specific features of housing markets with rent control. An allocation rule that always selects a rationing price equilibrium is defined, and it is demonstrated to be constrained efficient and (group) non‐manipulable for “almost all” preference profiles. In its bounding cases, the rule reduces to a number of well‐known mechanisms from the matching literature. In this sense, the housing market with rent control investigated in this paper integrates several of the predominant matching models into a more general framework.     

Experimental Games on Networks: Underpinnings of Behavior and Equilibrium Selection

In this paper, we describe a series of laboratory experiments that implement specific examples of a general network structure. Specifically, actions are either strategic substitutes or strategic complements, and participants have either complete or incomplete information about the structure of a random network. Since economic environments typically have a considerable degree of complementarity or substitutability, this framework applies to a wide variety of settings. We examine behavior and equilibrium selection. The degree of equilibrium play is striking, in particular with incomplete information. Behavior closely resembles the theoretical equilibrium whenever this is unique; when there are multiple equilibria, general features of networks, such as connectivity, clustering, and the degree of the players, help to predict informed behavior in the lab. People appear to be strongly attracted to maximizing aggregate payoffs (social efficiency), but there are forces that moderate this attraction: (1) people seem content with (in the aggregate) capturing only the lion's share of the efficient profits in exchange for reduced exposure to loss, and (2) uncertainty about the network structure makes it considerably more difficult to coordinate on a demanding, but efficient, equilibrium that is typically implemented with complete information.     

跨越中等收入的数字经济动能转换:理论与实证

一国或经济体在中等收入阶段需转换经济增长动能成为理论共识,但对数字经济动能转换的机制尚缺乏深入探讨.本文以基于技术效率思想的两化融合刻画数字经济,构建数字经济动能转换的理论模型,研究表明:在低收入低融合和高收入高融合情形下,两化融合水平对经济增长的影响是显著的,但在中等收入中融合情形下,两化融合水平对经济增长的影响不显著,说明经济体在中等收入阶段增长动能会出现结构失灵现象.本文基于55个国家或经济体的面板数据,实证显示存在这种动能结构失灵现象.据此,提出中等收入陷阱发生机制的"技术效率转轨"假说,并构建数字经济动能转换理论,认为中国在中等收入阶段需要从以信息化带动路径为主的技术效率转变为工业化促进路径与信息化带动路径并行的技术效率,通过实施数字化转型与创新并举、应用性创新与探索性创新互补的复合式创新战略来跨越中等收入陷阱.本研究为数字经济动能转换、数字化转型与创新的研究提供了一个可供选择的理论视角和分析框架.     

高校社科学报的特色化之路——兼评朱剑及尹玉吉先生的相关观点

近年来,围绕高校学报现状与改革路向问题,学术界、学报界以及管理部门展开了深入的讨论,无论是教育部还是新闻出版总署都将高校学报的专业化建设列为改革的首要目标,而学报应进行专业化转型的呼声原本来自学术界。学报界对专业化则持有不同看法。在肯定学报专业化方向的同时,应充分认识到专业化转型所面临的来自体制、传统和现实诸方面的重重阻力,因此必定是一个长期和渐进的过程。在这一过程中,大多数综合性学报仍应走内涵式发展和特色化道路。目前高校学报特色化发展的关键在于:刊物的定位、编辑的素养、专题的选择和优稿的来源。为此,必须对学报进行合理定位,建立一支术有专攻的编辑队伍,坚持以问题意识统领的专题研究,打造以特色栏目为平台的学术共同体,并辅以科学合理的组稿、审稿、用稿制度,而所有这些都是高校学报走特色化之路的必然选择。     

ZrO_2对介孔CuO/CeO_2催化剂催化富氢气体中优先氧化CO反应的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成介孔CeO2-ZrO2复合载体、浸渍法负载CuO制备出介孔12%CuO/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂,将其应用于富氢气体中CO的优先氧化反应。通过BET、XRD、TPR等技术表征,考察了12%CuO/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂的结构性质。活性评价结果表明,添加10%ZrO2催化剂的CO优先氧化性能良好,氧化活性高低与ZrO2的含量有关。     

银行资产结构对风险行为的影响 ——兼论银监会薪酬监管制度之缺陷

银行特殊的资产结构使得银行的公司治理具有不同于一般企业的特点,特别是其薪酬安排制度,如果设计失当,会加剧高管、股东和债权人之间的利益冲突。对此,世界各国都开始对银行管理人员薪酬安排进行监管。中国银监会所颁布的监管措施,注重从数额上来对金融机构管理人员的薪酬予以控制,并不能够真正解决银行高管薪酬激励制度中的根源性问题,同时,这种以限薪为核心内容的监管反倒会在改善银行公司治理中管理层与股东之间代理问题方面得以倒退。     

均衡价格视角下的农村土地流转：条件、问题与对策

农村土地流转是双方主体在效用最大化目标下的自主土地交易行为,卖方的交易条件是取得能够体现土地要素利润的地租,买方的交易条件是在支付地租后能够得到体现平均利润的投资利润,双方价格均衡即流转的构成条件。它要求买方的生产力水平保证其能够获得一个既能包含土地要素投资利润,同时又满足农业投资利润的超额利润。在供求关系及经济发展作用下,地租有逐步上涨的趋势。现实农村土地流转中存在背离价格均衡问题,政府部门越俎代庖,农民土地＂被流转＂;流转管理不到位,违规开发矛盾突出;中介服务缺位,流转市场有待完善。通过落实农民土地承包经营权,加强监管,健全承包经营权流转市场,发展集体经营、农民专业合作及土地股份制等无地租流转,完善社会保障体系和超前的政策引导、促进、规范土地流转。     

“犯案老手”与“侦案神探”——论阿加莎·克里斯蒂侦探小说的设悬与释悬

阿加莎·克里斯蒂作品中悬念设置的主要技巧和方法:一是倒置设悬;二是连环设悬;三是隐形人设悬以及运用哑谜、切隔、反常、危局等方法来故布疑阵,营造氛围。由此说明成功设置悬念能给读者提供多层面的审美参与,成功的侦探小说可以承担起文学的多种审美功能。     

Toward Best Practices in Analyzing Datasets with Missing Data: Comparisons and Recommendations

Although several methods have been developed to allow for the analysis of data in the presence of missing values, no clear guide exists to help family researchers in choosing among the many options and procedures available. We delineate these options and examine the sensitivity of the findings in a regression model estimated in three random samples from the National Survey of Families and Households (n = 250–2,000). These results, combined with findings from simulation studies, are used to guide answers to a set of 10 common questions asked by researchers when selecting a missing data approach. Modern missing data techniques were found to perform better than traditional ones, but differences between the types of modern approaches had minor effects on the estimates and substantive conclusions. Our findings suggest that the researcher has considerable flexibility in selecting among modern options for handling missing data.