城市岩溶区地铁隧道的溶洞超前探测及处治技术

以正在施工的大连地铁2号线（松江路站～东纬路站）暗挖区间工程为例，介绍了暗挖爆破法穿越富水岩溶区、溶洞发育区域时的施工工序流程和超前地质预报手段。利用地质补勘钻孔、超高密度电法跨孔电阻率CT探测、洞内超前探孔等技术手段详细探明溶洞发育位置、形态，通过洞内与地表相结合的处理方式消除或减小溶洞对暗挖施工的影响。超前地质预报手段与施工工序流程的成功应用，为类似环境下城市地铁施工提供参考及借鉴意义。     

电波传播附加时延修正的软件实现

给出并用C语言实现了一种基于观测的大范围电波传播附加时延的修正方法 ,这对具有授时、定位等功能的无线电工程系统具有重要的意义     

Confidence regions for parameters in linear models with additional information

Using given significant additional information it is possible to improve different confidence regions for the regression parameters in a linear model. Thereby, the given informations may concern the expectation and (or) the variance of the observations, and an improvement is possible in the sense of the decrease of the confidence regions' size. In particular it is possible to improve the so called confidence ellipsoids which are often used to estimate the considered parameters.     

History matters: The impact of reviews and sales of earlier versions of a product on consumer and expert reviews of new editions

Product reviews are assumed to be based on the observable characteristics of the underlying product. However, in the case of new editions in a product series, the determinants may include signals that originate from the reviews and the sales of editions that precede the focal product edition. Our analysis of 577 video games released in a series between 2000 and 2009 indicates that the reviews of earlier versions carry over to the reviews of the sequel by the same type of reviewer. We also find that expert reviews are influenced by the average review of previous editions by consumers and the average sales of previous editions of the product. This suggests that experts tend to adapt to the taste of consumers. Furthermore, it is found that a lack of consensus, between reviewers of a particular type, weakens the impact of average past reviews, whilst it magnifies the impact of the sales of earlier versions.     

集团协商表决制：国际组织表决机制的新思路

现行国际组织表决机制的不合理,使国家实际上无法实现平等,并导致发达国家侵害发展中国家利益的现象大量存在。如何建立一个公平的表决机制,是国际法上迫切需要解决的任务。为此,本文提出一种新的“集团协商表决制”,并对其运行程序、可行性与合理性进行了法理性分析论证,旨在为国际组织表决机制的改进与完善提供一种新的思路。     

近百年来明代易学研究述评

20世纪初期至40年代，明代易学不被关注；50年代尤其是80年代以来，明代易学逐渐受到重视。既往对明代易学的研究大都就易学言易学，未能脱离“象数”与“义理”这一传统路数。只有注重进一步拓宽学术视野，充分紧密地结合明代社会思潮和学术文化氛围，将受《周易》以及易学启示、影响的明代历史过程和思想、学术等文化现象作为考察对象，才能更好地把握住明代易学发展的整体脉络与主要精神。     

也谈中晚唐五代别头试与子弟之争

中晚唐新旧士族斗争不断。在子弟登科问题上，双方利用一些科场事件制造事端，以获得各自子弟登科的最大利益。随着党争的强弱分化，代表科举出身的新官僚牛党全胜，子弟问题逐渐变成了官僚阶层内部利益分割的问题，从而逐渐淡化。唐末五代的战乱对新旧士族官僚打击最大，子弟在科举考试中的优势地位随之被消弱，科举考试逐渐向公平、公正的方向发展。     

Income inequality,welfare regimes and aggregate health: Review of reviews

Wide income inequality in a society has been associated with worse aggregate health. Regarding the relationship, often termed as ‘the Wilkinson Hypothesis’, a number of empirical findings and related systematic reviews have reached inconsistent conclusions. In addition, the Scandinavian welfare regime is expected to have better aggregate health indicators in comparison with the other welfare regimes. The expectation is largely based on the Wilkinson Hypothesis because the regime has relatively narrow income inequalities. Again, related empirical findings and systematic reviews have produced inconsistent conclusions. This article reports on two rounds of ‘review of reviews’ (RR) over six previous (systematic) review articles. The first round of RR found that the review articles reached divergent conclusions. The second round of RR over another set of three review articles also demonstrated that their conclusions did not reach a consensus. Neither the hypothesised Scandinavia's good health nor the Wilkinson Hypothesis was given solid empirical backing.     

Effects of psychosocial interventions on behavioural problems in youth: A close look at Cochrane and Campbell reviews

Research indicates that a number of psychosocial interventions are effective for reducing behavioural problems in youth. These interventions are now often included on best practice lists aiming to facilitate informed treatment choices among practitioners. However, analyses in neighbouring research areas have highlighted serious shortcomings in how primary studies are analysed and how studies are synthesised in research reviews. This study took a closer look at the evidence of efficacy for psychosocial interventions that aim to reduce behavioural problems in youth, as shown in systematic research reviews by the Cochrane and the Campbell Collaborations (n = 8). The findings suggest a bias towards overemphasising the efficacy of the interventions in several reviews, an over‐confidence in the validity of the findings in some reviews and, overall, a somewhat uncertain evidence base for the efficacy of the interventions. Systematic reviews are crucial for summarising research but more attention to methodological issues may be needed in this area.     

Does Dividing the Range by Four Provide an Accurate Estimate of a Standard Deviation in Family Science Research? A Teaching Editorial

Occasionally, scientific reports have omitted information on standard deviations, making estimates of effect sizes very difficult to impossible. In such situations, several scholars have recommended obtaining an estimate of the standard deviation of distributions by dividing the range of the distribution (highest value minus lowest value) by four. However, there appears to be little evidence to confirm the validity of this approach. Articles from 2012 to 2015 in the journal Marriage & Family Review were surveyed to find instances where demographic variables (age, education, duration of relationship, number of children) were reported with both standard deviations and ranges. Ratios between range and standard deviations were calculated by several rules of thumb or more complex formulas and compared with the actual ratios obtained. Results indicated that dividing by five in general provided a more accurate estimate of actual standard deviations but accuracy in predicting the true ratio between range and standard deviation was substantially related to the position of the mean score within the range of scores with larger divisors needed as the mean approached either the minimum or the maximum values of the demographic variable (skew). Other recent formulae for estimating the standard deviation were also evaluated, but the skew-based approach appeared to be more accurate than the others. However, further investigation in other samples is needed because the skew-based approach was derived from observation of the data here, which might not replicate in different sets of data.