古文疑义释例(之一)

文章就北京大学郭锡良先生等编写的《古代汉语》教材(北京出版社1990年4月版)文选部分的某些注解,或作补充解释,或作订正。     

可持续发展评价指标体系研究评述

目前,国内外都加强了对可持续发展理论的研究,并分别构建了相应的评价指标体系和计算模型,但国内外关注的重点有所不同,国外关注环境、生态、福利等内容,国内则更关注经济发展,并且在城市可持续发展评价上也存在指标庞杂、实际应用性不强等问题.构建可持续发展评价指标体系应遵循科学性、简明性、整体性、特殊性、稳定性、动态性、可操作性等原则.     

网络口碑中追加评论的有用性感知研究

已有关于在线评论的研究大都默认所有评论均来自不同的评论者,而没有考虑到同一评论者在初次评论之后追加评论的现象.本研究将在线评论区分为含追加的评论和一次性评论,并基于归因理论的视角,探讨这两种评论(含追加的评论Vs.一次性评论)及在含追加的评论中的矛盾评论与一致评论在影响阅读者对评论的有用性感知上的差异.两个实验均以武汉大学的学生为样本,采用多因素方差分析和Bootstrap中介效应检验方法进行数据分析.研究结果表明,①相比于一次性评论,含追加的评论具有更高的有用性感知;②在含追加的评论中,前后矛盾的评论要比前后一致的评论能使阅读者产生更高的有用性感知;③阅读者对评论的归因在上述影响关系中发挥中介作用,也就是说,含追加的评论(vs.一次性评论)及在含追加的评论中的矛盾评论(vs.一致评论)通过影响阅读者更多地将评论归因于客观的产品因素(vs.评论者的主观因素),进而增加对评论的有用性感知;④在含追加评论的情形下,矛盾评论(vs.一致评论)对有用性感知的影响还会受时间距离(发布两次评论之间的时间间隔)的调节作用,但只有当时间距离较远时,追加评论与初始评论之间的矛盾才能产生更强的评论有用性感知.     

互联网行业员工工作满意度研究 ——基于员工在线评论的数据分析

运用python语言编程软件,收集自2013年以来尤其是2016年以后看准网上员工评论的客观数据,爬取到95 693条员工工作满意度的在线评论,并从技能培训、职位晋升、薪酬绩效、福利待遇等12个维度,分析互联网行业员工工作满意度及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明,和其他行业相比,互联网行业员工工作满意度总体水平较高,在16个常见行业中排名第二;在12个维度中,文化氛围、技能培训、公司状况等满意度排名靠前,工作强度、薪酬绩效和员工结构等满意度排名靠后。据此,建议互联网公司设置合理的工作内容及规范工作时间、设计科学合理的薪酬制度、降低核心员工流失率。     

Weight of Evidence: A Review of Concept and Methods

"Weight of evidence" (WOE) is a common term in the published scientific and policy-making literature, most often seen in the context of risk assessment (RA). Its definition, however, is unclear. A systematic review of the scientific literature was undertaken to characterize the concept. For the years 1994 through 2004, PubMed was searched for publications in which "weight of evidence" appeared in the abstract and/or title. Of the 276 papers that met these criteria, 92 were selected for review: 71 papers published in 2003 and 2004 (WOE appeared in abstract/title) and 21 from 1994 through 2002 (WOE appeared in title). WOE has three characteristic uses in this literature: (1) metaphorical, where WOE refers to a collection of studies or to an unspecified methodological approach; (2) methodological, where WOE points to established interpretative methodologies (e.g., systematic narrative review, meta-analysis, causal criteria, and/or quality criteria for toxicological studies) or where WOE means that "all" rather than some subset of the evidence is examined, or rarely, where WOE points to methods using quantitative weights for evidence; and (3) theoretical, where WOE serves as a label for a conceptual framework. Several problems are identified: the frequent lack of definition of the term "weight of evidence," multiple uses of the term and a lack of consensus about its meaning, and the many different kinds of weights, both qualitative and quantitative, which can be used in RA. A practical recommendation emerges: the WOE concept and its associated methods should be fully described when used. A research agenda should examine the advantages of quantitative versus qualitative weighting schemes, how best to improve existing methods, and how best to combine those methods (e.g., epidemiology's causal criteria with toxicology's quality criteria).     

我国现行上诉制度改革初探

我国三部诉讼法在上诉制度上还存在不足之处,表现在上诉审法院审理方式规定不明确;没有赋予公诉案件被害人的刑事上诉权;上诉不加刑原则未得到真正贯彻;不利于律师充分履行刑事辩护职能等。因此,应采取相应措施予以弥补。     

额外压抑与个体解放——马尔库塞爱欲理论对当前人们的启示

马尔库塞把弗洛伊德的精神分析理论和马克思《1844年经济学-哲学手稿》中的异化理论和人道主义思想相结合,抨击了现代西方社会额外压抑和操作原则下的非人道现象,进而阐述他的爱欲解放理论,即充分发掘和发挥人的本能和潜能,构建一个＂非压抑性＂的文明社会,并赋予人感性的新内涵。这为正处于工业社会中的人们如何走出当前技术理性的压抑提供了重要的启示作用。     

基于消费者在线评论数据的快递物流服务质量评价研究

挖掘、明晰及满足消费者需求,是影响与提升快递物流服务质量的关键因素。以菜鸟平台在线评论的文本数据为爬虫数据源,针对所获取的6.5万条数据,运用TF-IDF算法、词云图、语义网络关联分析、LDA主题模型等文本量化分析,构建情感词典并进行文本情感赋值与分析。研究发现：时效性、价格合理性、服务优质性、应用平台功能性是消费者对快递物流服务质量产生消极情感倾向的关键因素。为提升消费者对快递物流服务质量的评价,需从提升物流供应链的时效性、完善物流价格制度的合理性、提高物流服务的优质性、优化物流应用平台的功能性方面予以重视。     

An Improper Method of Randomization in Experimental Design

The mark-recapture method was devised by Petersen in 1896 Petersen, C. G. J. 1896. “The Yearly Immigration of Young Plaice Into the Limfjord From the German Sea,”. Report of Danish Biological Station, 6: 1–48.  [Google Scholar] to estimate the number of fish migrating into the Limfjord, and independently by Lincoln in 1930 Lincoln, F. C. 1930. “Calculating Waterfowl Abundance on the Basis of Banding Returns,”. United States Department of Agriculture Circular, 118: 1–4.  [Google Scholar] to estimate waterfowl abundance. The technique can be applied to any search for a finite number of items by two or more people or agents, allowing the number of searched-for items to be estimated. This ubiquitous problem appears in fields from ecology and epidemiology, through to mathematics, social sciences, and computing. Here, we exactly calculate the moments of the hypergeometric distribution associated with this longstanding problem, confirming that widely used estimates conjectured in 1951 are often too small. Our Bayesian approach highlights how different search strategies will modify the estimates. The estimates are applied to several examples. For some published applications, substantial errors are found to result from using the Chapman or Lincoln–Petersen estimates. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.