动态经济系统分析的经济计量模型与方法

综述可有效阐明动态经济系统长期关系和因果关系的因果测度理论. 首先简要介绍多变 量时间序列的协整过程及与此相关的若干概念,并总结了在经济计量学领域评价较高的多变 量自回归模型的统计识别方法. 基于多变量时间序列协整过程的向量自回归模型,较详细讨论 了多变量时间序列间各种因果测度的定义及其沃尔德检验. 所述单方向因果测度及其统计检 验理论作为C1W. J . Granger 非因果性理论的扩张,不仅可以检验两组时间序列间的因果影响 存在与否,还可以定量描述影响的程度. 单方向因果测度理论为分析复杂经济系统提     

土地价格、房地产开发投资对房价影响的实证分析

针对土地价格、房地产开发投资对房价的影响,依据2000—2010年间的中国居住用途土地价格、房地产开发投资完成额和商品房价格的年度数据,运用协整检验和误差修正模型进行了实证研究。结果表明:我国的房地产价格与土地价格、房地产开发投资额之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系;土地价格是房价变动的促进因素,而房地产开发投资额变动对房价的影响更为显著。     

我国教育投入与经济增长关系的实证研究

利用协整分析和Granger因果检验方法研究1952-2002期间,我国教育投入和经济增长之间的相互关系,证实我国经济增长教育的投入,且教育投入与国内生产总值间互为因果关系,增加教育投入有助于促进我国实际经济总量的增长,同时,经济和增长和发展水平决定着教育投入的规模.     

Bootstrap LR tests of stationarity,common trends and cointegration

This paper considers the likelihood ratio (LR) tests of stationarity, common trends and cointegration for multivariate time series. As the distribution of these tests is not known, a bootstrap version is proposed via a state- space representation. The bootstrap samples are obtained from the Kalman filter innovations under the null hypothesis. Monte Carlo simulations for the Gaussian univariate random walk plus noise model show that the bootstrap LR test achieves higher power for medium-sized deviations from the null hypothesis than a locally optimal and one-sided Lagrange Multiplier (LM) test that has a known asymptotic distribution. The power gains of the bootstrap LR test are significantly larger for testing the hypothesis of common trends and cointegration in multivariate time series, as the alternative asymptotic procedure – obtained as an extension of the LM test of stationarity – does not possess properties of optimality. Finally, it is shown that the (pseudo-)LR tests maintain good size and power properties also for the non-Gaussian series. An empirical illustration is provided.     

Structural Nonparametric Cointegrating Regression

Nonparametric estimation of a structural cointegrating regression model is studied. As in the standard linear cointegrating regression model, the regressor and the dependent variable are jointly dependent and contemporaneously correlated. In nonparametric estimation problems, joint dependence is known to be a major complication that affects identification, induces bias in conventional kernel estimates, and frequently leads to ill‐posed inverse problems. In functional cointegrating regressions where the regressor is an integrated or near‐integrated time series, it is shown here that inverse and ill‐posed inverse problems do not arise. Instead, simple nonparametric kernel estimation of a structural nonparametric cointegrating regression is consistent and the limit distribution theory is mixed normal, giving straightforward asymptotics that are useable in practical work. It is further shown that use of augmented regression, as is common in linear cointegration modeling to address endogeneity, does not lead to bias reduction in nonparametric regression, but there is an asymptotic gain in variance reduction. The results provide a convenient basis for inference in structural nonparametric regression with nonstationary time series when there is a single integrated or near‐integrated regressor. The methods may be applied to a range of empirical models where functional estimation of cointegrating relations is required.     

进口农产品对种植收入的影响——以大豆、棉花为例

在回顾相关文献的基础上,运用协整分析方法,从价格传导和产量的负向冲击2个方面研究了进口大豆和棉花对种植收入的影响。结果显示,进口大豆对国内大豆的价格传导作用非常大,虽然大豆的进口对国内大豆的产量产生了负向冲击,但是部分年份进口大豆价格的大幅上涨会使大豆的种植收入上升;而进口棉花对国内棉花价格的传导作用较小,对国内棉花产量的负向冲击作用也不明显,进口棉花对国内棉花种植收入的影响主要是通过价格传导途径体现的。     

小额信贷促进农民人均纯收入增长的实证研究——基于江苏省1988-2009年的数据

将农村小额信贷引入生产函数,选取1988-2009年的年度时序数据,运用协整理论对农村小额信贷与农民人均总收入、农民人均工资性收入和农民人均经营性收入三者间进行协整关系检验,结果表明,彼此之间具有长期稳定的均衡关系.在对结果逐一解释后,提出了提高小额信贷绩效和改善农民收入来源结构的对策和建议.     

中国猪肉市场总供给波动及影响因素的实证分析

近期我国猪肉价格的剧烈波动,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。采用Nerlove供给模型分析了生猪供给的价格预期和成本调整周期,结合自回归分布滞后—误差修正（ARDL-ECM）模型对猪肉总体供给的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明,猪肉价格的长期供给弹性小于短期供给弹性,而在诸多影响因素中,饲料价格对猪肉供给的短期影响最大。由此认为,由于价格预期对猪肉供给的影响存在着严重的滞后,国家宜采用逆周期补贴政策对生猪的生产进行宏观调控。     

中国对外直接投资与进出口贸易关系的实证分析

对外直接投资(FDI)与进出口贸易的关系因各国的具体国情不同、各学者的研究方法的不同而呈现出显著的差异。文章采用协整理论分析中国的对外直接投资与进出口(1995-2007年)的关系,得出对外直接投资与出口、进口在短期存在替代效应,在长期存在互补效应,并计量出中国FDI与出口和中国FDI与进口的误差修正模型。最后,提出了相关政策建议。     

Bootstrap tests for time varying cointegration

This article proposes wild and the independent and identically distibuted (i.i.d.) parametric bootstrap implementations of the time-varying cointegration test of Bierens and Martins (2010 Bierens, H. J., Martins, L. F. (2010). Time varying cointegration. Econometric Theory 26:1453–1490.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The bootstrap statistics and the original likelihood ratio test share the same first-order asymptotic null distribution. Monte Carlo results suggest that the bootstrap approximation to the finite-sample distribution is very accurate, in particular for the wild bootstrap case. The tests are applied to study the purchasing power parity hypothesis for twelve Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and we only find evidence of a constant long-term equilibrium for the U.S.–U.K. relationship.