Small‐sphere distributions for directional data with application to medical imaging

We propose novel parametric concentric multi‐unimodal small‐subsphere families of densities for p ? 1 ≥ 2‐dimensional spherical data. Their parameters describe a common axis for K small hypersubspheres, an array of K directional modes, one mode for each subsphere, and K pairs of concentrations parameters, each pair governing horizontal (within the subsphere) and vertical (orthogonal to the subsphere) concentrations. We introduce two kinds of distributions. In its one‐subsphere version, the first kind coincides with a special case of the Fisher–Bingham distribution, and the second kind is a novel adaption that models independent horizontal and vertical variations. In its multisubsphere version, the second kind allows for a correlation of horizontal variation over different subspheres. In medical imaging, the situation of p ? 1 = 2 occurs precisely in modeling the variation of a skeletally represented organ shape due to rotation, twisting, and bending. For both kinds, we provide new computationally feasible algorithms for simulation and estimation and propose several tests. To the best knowledge of the authors, our proposed models are the first to treat the variation of directional data along several concentric small hypersubspheres, concentrated near modes on each subsphere, let alone horizontal dependence. Using several simulations, we show that our methods are more powerful than a recent nonparametric method and ad hoc methods. Using data from medical imaging, we demonstrate the advantage of our method and infer on the dominating axis of rotation of the human knee joint at different walking phases.     

The Protective Circle: Queer Fathers and Counselors

This article provides a review of the literature addressing the unique needs and experiences of queer fathers. Despite the growing number of queer fathers and families, and increasing scholarship on this topic, there is a major dearth in the counseling scholarship and practice related to queer families, or more specifically and especially, queer fatherhood. Thus, this article uses the concept of a “protective circle” to assist professional counselors to understand their vital role within a queer father and familial system. By understanding the experiences and needs of queer fathers, counselors can better conceptualize and assist this underserved and often silenced community.     

清代广西三界庙地理分布与三界神信仰探析

三界庙在清代广西各府中都有分布,主要集中分布在南宁、浔州、郁林、平乐、梧州等五府(州),呈现出一种沿着西江流域自东向西递减的分布规律,在郁江两岸分布最为密集。清代广西已经初步形成了三界神祭祀圈,而这种祭祀圈的出现与三界神的现实功利色彩有着密不可分的关系。     

转型中的康区藏族村寨--丹巴县梭坡乡莫洛村考察报告

本文作者考察了四川藏区丹巴县梭坡乡莫洛村社会经济发展的历史与现状 ,发现历史上这一康区藏族村寨是相对独立的经济文化单元 ,单元内生态资源互补、劳力合作、经济互助、婚姻内部流动 ,并曾在外力的影响下不断地进行过变革与调适。现今 ,西部大开发战略和天然林保护、退耕还林等系列工程的实施又将打破这个传统经济单元或文化圈子 ,把小圈子纳入到更大的圈子里 ,莫洛人在困惑与希望中不断地调适自己 ,寻找出路     

"走西口"与晋陕内蒙古毗连带民歌圈的生成

晋西北山曲、陕北信天游、内蒙古原绥远地区的爬山歌 ,体例相同 ,词曲相近 ,共同构成我国北方单独的一个民歌圈 ,其生成与清代民国时期的“走西口”移民运动密切相关。在“走西口”过程中 ,晋西北、陕北人口大批向河套及大青山前后地区移居 ,形成以山西河曲、保德人和陕西府谷、神木、榆林人为核心的“河府移民圈” ,人口同源支持了民歌共性。长盛不衰的雁行式“走西口”生活 ,不断刺激着民歌的创造与发达 ,使三地民歌的交汇共生走向高潮 ,在发展中推动了三地民歌的同质化过程。     

再探政府机构改革“黄宗羲定律”破解之法

被动适应性改革、机构撤并与职能转变缺乏有效互动、改革重横轻纵等诸多原因导致我国历次政府机构改革难以摆脱精简--膨胀--再精简--再膨胀的循环,终陷入"黄宗羲定律"怪圈.建设学习型与服务型政府,实现政府结构与功能互动,横纵改革结合,形成网络化改革治理格局,建立现代公共人力资源管理制度,加强财政监督与立法等,是21世纪我国政府机构改革跳出这一怪圈的出路所在.     

重庆一小时经济圈客运交通轨道化的适应性分析

简要介绍重庆一小时经济圈发展概况;探讨重庆一小时经济圈客运交通轨道化的必要性;从干线铁路具有大量的富裕运能、大量的同城客流作保证、良好的安全性能和环境效益等几个方面论述重庆一小时经济圈客运交通轨道化的可行性。     

大遗址在西安城市新定位下的作用探讨

对大遗址在西安新城市定位下的作用进行探讨,认为西安是周、秦、汉、唐等13个王朝建都之地,也是中国大遗址资源集中分布的城市之一.目前西安确立了建设国际化大都市的城市定位战略性目标,为应对全球化趋势下城市发展指明了方向.国际大都市定位目标给大遗址保护利用带来了历史发展契机,也带来了新的要求,研究旨在为充分认识和发挥大遗址在西安建设国际化大都市中的积极作用提供参考.     

集群式中小企业现状与发展对策研究——以武汉城市圈为例

中小企业在一个特定的区域聚集，形成集群式企业，会极大地推动区域增长。通过对武汉城市圈的抽样调查表明，企业规模、创新能力、政府服务、资金与人才等是限制集群式中小企业进一步发展的障碍因素。建议通过构建区域合作机制，创新金融体制，推动区域创新体系建设，加强服务型政府建设，优化整合人力资源等措施以实现集群式中小企业可持续发展。     

“侗族文化圈”中心区旅游黄金线开发

本文从整个侗族地区出发,以"侗族文化圈"为研究对象,对"侗族文化圈"中心区旅游黄金线开发丰富的旅游资源进行了全面的探讨,设计了贯穿全区的七条主要旅游线路,并提出了发展"侗族文化圈"旅游业的主要措施.