文人画的“雅化”发展趋势

「目曰J碑L翻、口，IJ.L曰曰书，户~争」2.、广心~口~』d」二2‘沪F丫.幽/J尹/月产叼J、、、刁研孙产M一、“雅化”追求的基本元素1.书法化的线条中国文人画是一种综合型艺术，除了作为主体的绘画之外，它还要将文学、书法及篆刻艺术综合于一身，走的是一条“雅化”的艺术之路;     

中国韵文辞采特点概论

中国韵文之辞采在其长期的运用过程中所形成的特点是 :文与质渐趋合理的进步性 ,情与采逐步结合的技巧性 ,辞与体因势而动的适应性。这些特点促使中国韵文辞采运用的艺术水准日益提高 ,艺术品质日臻完好。     

许渊冲文学翻译思想研究

通过对许渊冲先生中西文化交流的实践研究讨论了许先生文学翻译的目的、主张和标准。他翻译的目的是把一个国家的美转化为另一个国家的美,他翻译的主张是发挥译语优势,使读者知之、好之、乐之。     

论托马斯·哈代的小说创作与宗教的关系

哈代的宗教观是一种“进化向善”的宗教观,是一种摒弃一切形式主义而强调内心虔诚的宗教观。哈代对基督教形式主义信仰实践的批判,对基督教情感道德的讴歌和现实价值意义的肯定,则是通过小说创作实现的。     

论清真词的“时空转换”

周邦彦词大量采用"时空转换"手法。周词的这一手法不仅转换次数繁多、转换模式多样,而且其"转换"技巧也堪称精妙绝伦。同时,这一手法使得周词的结构层次感增加了,在感情表达上则更趋委婉含蓄,因而,也促进了词体的"雅化"进程。     

雅与俗:船山诗学的美学观念

船山诗学标志着中国古典诗学进入总结期。本文试图以船山诗学中的雅俗观为切入点来探讨其美学观念。全文主要整合船山雅俗观的理论根据,概括其理论内涵,并最终认为,雅与俗是中国古典诗学审美的思维方式,船山的雅俗观也是船山本人对儒家思想和儒家美学进行“补天”的重要思想。     

“文”与“野”——四明南词与宁波走书审美心理比较

四明南词与宁波走书同为宁波地区历史悠久的曲艺曲种,由于其观众、演员、剧作者的不同,体现了他们"文"与"野"的不同审美心理。从审美心理学的角度,对四明南词与宁波走书所诞生的自然人文环境,创作、表演、欣赏环节,进行对比分析研究,并结合当代大众的审美心理,解读其历史发展规律和生存现状。     

试论高校精品课程信息化建设与管理

以现代教育思想为基础，实现新教学方式的转变；以信息技术设施为平台，加强优质资源的建设与共享，以现代技术的运用与实施为手段，建立课程网络运行与管理机制，探索新型的网络教学和管理模式，促进精品课程建设的可持续发展，提升精品课程建设的质量。     

A Structure Theorem for Rationalizability with Application to Robust Predictions of Refinements

Rationalizability is a central solution concept of game theory. Economic models often have many rationalizable outcomes, motivating economists to use refinements of rationalizability, including equilibrium refinements. In this paper we try to achieve a general understanding of when this multiplicity occurs and how one should deal with it. Assuming that the set of possible payoff functions and belief structures is sufficiently rich, we establish a revealing structure of the correspondence of beliefs to sets of rationalizable outcomes. We show that, for any rationalizable action a of any type, we can perturb the beliefs of the type in such a way that a is uniquely rationalizable for the new type. This unique outcome will be robust to further small changes. When multiplicity occurs, then we are in a “knife‐edge” case, where the unique rationalizable outcome changes, sandwiched between open sets of types where each of the rationalizable actions is uniquely rationalizable. As an immediate application of this result, we characterize, for any refinement of rationalizability, the predictions that are robust to small misspecifications of interim beliefs. These are only those predictions that are true for all rationalizable strategies, that is, the predictions that could have been made without the refinement.     

On Forward Induction

A player's pure strategy is called relevant for an outcome of a game in extensive form with perfect recall if there exists a weakly sequential equilibrium with that outcome for which the strategy is an optimal reply at every information set it does not exclude. The outcome satisfies forward induction if it results from a weakly sequential equilibrium in which players' beliefs assign positive probability only to relevant strategies at each information set reached by a profile of relevant strategies. We prove that if there are two players and payoffs are generic, then an outcome satisfies forward induction if every game with the same reduced normal form after eliminating redundant pure strategies has a sequential equilibrium with an equivalent outcome. Thus in this case forward induction is implied by decision‐theoretic criteria.