哈贝马斯与韦伯合理化理论之比较

哈贝马斯和韦伯的合理化理论一脉相承,但二者在世界图景假设、哲学基础、理论性质3方面都有所不同:韦伯立足于超验世界和经验世界的对立来建构其合理化理论,其哲学基础是意识哲学,建构的合理性是普遍真理的形式合理性;哈贝马斯的合理化理论的世界图景假设是经验世界内的系统和生活世界的对立,其哲学基础是语言哲学,建构的合理性是共识的交往合理性。     

The misuse and use of metatheory

Some approaches to metatheory are criticized for their tendency to avoid scientific sociology's central task: to explain how the social universe operates. While much metatheory is intellectually stimulating, it can also be debilitating in that it pulls social theory into reviews of the history of ideas, textual debate, philosophical discourse, ideological critique, and other unresolvable intellectual issues. In so doing, metatheory directs attention away from the analysis of the operative dynamics of the social world. Such need not be the case, however, for metatheory can be used to produce better theories. A general strategy for using metatheory to produce theory is proposed, and portions of this strategy are illustrated with a preliminary analysis of several conflict theories.     

马克斯·韦伯的新教伦理观及探析

马克斯·韦伯是德国著名的社会学家、经济学家、历史学家,也是经济伦理学的创始人之一,社会学学界视他为“社会学学科的主要奠基人之一”。韦伯有众多涉及各个学术领域的著作,其中宗教社会学是韦伯社会学的核心部分之一。研究宗教伦理对经济行为的影响是马克斯·韦伯的宗教社会学思想中影响最为著名,也最为透彻的。本文就韦伯新教伦理形成脉络,探讨了新教伦理与资本主义精神、资本主义发展之间的关系,并从马克思主义理论视角进行探析。     

韦伯理论的局限及其在中国的误用

韦伯“一般过渡理论”和“三个理想权威模型”的概念范畴,不具备对中国社会和政治权威作合理解释的效力。其“理性”是狭义的,其“法制统治理想类型”的模式化缺乏严格定义。中国政治不是西方那个攫取权力的角逐概念,是料理社会、人世事物。一个治理者的政治,取决于个人是什么样的人和实行什么样的政策。中国的法,多是处理政事的具体办法或指导性规则的概念。实在经验中不存在这样的“理想类型”能表述的事情;关键不是理性不理性,也不是“魅力”还是“理性法制”,问题在社会占统治地位的人,把攫取利润作为人生的最终目的;是这个目的将现代资本主义社会与其他社会区别开来。     

“文明体”与“上层结构”：两种视角下的悖论对韦伯与布罗代尔资本主义观的比较

布罗代尔与韦伯的资本主义观互相矛盾。韦伯把资本主义看作一个文明体 ,从文化与宗教的角度理解资本主义 ,认为理性化是资本主义产生的关键因素 ,资本主义文明是人类的进步 ;布罗代尔把资本主义当作上层结构 ,从政治 -经济的角度批判性地解释资本主义 ,认为资本主义只是一小部分人的特权。理论预设与分析视角的不同是二者观点分歧的根源。     

Why Rickert? Regarding the dogma about Heinrich Rickert's influence on Max Weber

For almost a century, scholars have held the conviction that Max Weber's methodology was based upon neo-Kantian philosophy. This belief was founded on the idea that Weber's methodology was dependent on the neo-Kantianism of Weber's Freiburg colleague and friend Heinrich Rickert. This idea began with Rickert himself and then was promoted by his student Alexander von Schelting. This belief was then passed down through numerous American scholars to the point that today, sociologists have the conviction that Weber's writings on method are tied directly to those of Rickert. In light of this, one may suggest that this conviction has been transformed into dogma. However, as will be demonstrated in this essay, Weber's methodological ideas are fundamentally different from those of Rickert and that is based upon the fact that Weber's methodological goals were fundamentally different from those of Rickert.     

中国传统官僚制的弊端解析——以韦伯现代官僚制为比较对象

滥觞于先秦时期的中国传统官僚制，是家国同构、高度集权的家产官僚制，它不具备现代官僚制理性精神和法制原则，其浓重的人治传统对中国人的观念影响十分深刻。虽然西方新管理主义呼吁摈弃现代官僚制，但相对于中国传统官僚制而言，现代官僚制的优势是明显的。由于中国的市场经济基础、法治环境、非政府组织和公民社会的发展现状与现代官僚制的产生条件有一定距离，因此，中国政府当务之急不是模仿新公共管理模式，而是立足实际，坚决摈弃传统官僚制，学习和借鉴西方现代官僚制的合理成份，构建具有中国特色的行政管理体制。