What can we learn from twin studies? A comprehensive evaluation of the equal environments assumption

Twin studies are a major source of information about genetic effects on behavior, but they depend on a controversial assumption known as the equal environments assumption (EEA): that similarity in co-twins’ environments is not predictive of similarity in co-twin outcomes. Although evidence has largely supported the EEA, critics have claimed that environmental similarity has not been measured well, and most studies of the EEA have focused on outcomes related to health and psychology. This article addresses these limitations through (1) a reanalysis of data from the most cited study of the EEA, Loehlin and Nichols (1976), using better measures, and through (2) an analysis of nationally representative twin data from MIDUS using more comprehensive controls on a wider variety of outcomes than previous studies. Results support a middle ground position; it is likely that the EEA is not strictly valid for most outcomes, but the resulting bias is likely modest.     

人口老龄化背景下机构养老国内外研究比较

当前学界对机构养老的讨论日趋热烈，但遍观国内现有文献，对国外机构养老研究进展普遍关注不足。本研究通过从机构养老的概念界定、养老机构、入住老年人群、机构养老服务质量这四个维度对国内外机构养老研究成果进行归类梳理，发现国内机构养老研究在功能界定、管理与运营、服务质量监管等方面差距较大，而对于入住老年人群的需求和入住意愿分析方面则与西方差距较小。同时，我国机构养老的理论对于实践的指导作用并不显著，我国理论界相对于养老实践有滞后之虞。基于以上分析，本文提出以下建议：探索机构养老发展的新模式，完善养老机构管理与运营结构以及发展第三方服务监管体系。     

Apps-olutely Perfect! Apps to Support Common Core in the History/Social Studies Classroom

The inclusion of technology in the classroom is an increasingly important feature of effective instruction. The implementation of Common Core Standards in many states also requires teachers to consider new pedagogical strategies to support meaningful learning. This article explores the intersection between technology demands and curricular change by examining apps that can be used to support Common Core State Standards instruction in history/social studies. Specifically, the authors highlight several apps that they presented at a professional development workshop for six to twelve history/social studies teachers and discuss the teachers' feedback regarding the strengths and limitations of apps to support their instruction. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for history/social studies teachers using apps in the classroom are provided.     

论我国国外马克思主义研究的三个核心问题——兼论我国国外马克思主义研究的自我身份认同

研究边界的日益模糊、研究对象选择的随意性和研究方法的非历史性,是制约我国国外马克思主义研究进一步走向深入的三大核心问题。应当对国外马克思主义研究的边界和理论性质作大致明确的规定,并且立足于推进中国马克思主义理论建设和现代化实践这一目的出发,破除形而上学的两极思维方式,展开对国外马克思主义理论的研究,实现国外马克思主义研究在当代中国的价值。     

“走廊”与“通道”:中国西南区域研究的人类学再构思

中国西南的人类学研究有着深厚的区域研究传统。改革开放之后,西南研究陆续出现了＂区域模式＂、＂族群模式＂和＂跨境模式＂三种研究范式。其中＂区域模式＂更贴近于社会历史现实,具有强烈的学科问题意识。至二十一世纪,基于历史上民族的源流考察与走势判断,兴起了诸如西南丝绸之路、茶马古道、滇黔驿道、进藏公路等＂通道＂研究。这种基于＂走廊＂学说和＂通道＂研究而展开的＂区域模式＂,将交互性和流动性作为研究之重点,来深入地阐释形塑西南中国社会人文特质的关系结构,将有利于中国人类学获得更符合中国历史文化经验的世界图式,也有助于具体研究者获得真正的文化自觉和认知主体性。人类学的中国西南研究只有基于＂区域性＂的大视野来展开,在一种关系格局中来寻找西南研究的问题意识,才能摆脱＂民族性＂的现代叙事,并对＂民族认同＂这样的问题有所超越,最终回归到当地的社会历史现实和人文形态特质来深化对中国西南的认识把握,从而在学理上展开一些更为深入的对话。     

Effective eProcurement implementation process

As eProcurement is gaining popularity in business practice, researchers as well as practitioners have addressed the need of defining a proper eProcurement implementation strategy. This article aims to build an eProcurement implementation framework, which considers the main variables that have an impact on the eProcurement success and the links among them. The goal is to identify the main decisions that companies should take during the three principal phases of the eProcurement adoption (pre-implementation; implementation and post-implementation). Six case studies at different levels of eProcurement adoption have been used to identify the peculiarities of each phase of the process and to provide contingent guidelines.     

Marginal homogeneity,symmetry, and independence

A contingency table of the mc form provides a convenient summary of data when c individuals in a matched set9 each belonging to a different one of c classifications, are identified as belonging to one of m categories, A study in which matched sets (c=3) of 1 case, 1 hospital control, and 1 neighborhood control are classified into one of m=4 occupational categories would be an example, Independence in the cxm tables for each of the matched sets implies symmetry in the summary mc table with consequent marginal homogeneity. Adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure for testing independence to the case of many cxm tables so as to yield a chi square with (cl)(ml) degrees of freedom (DF) provides a test of marginal homogeneity in the summary mc table. This can be viewed as a test of symmetry directed against alternatives which would make for marginal inhomogeneity and can differ     

“春秋笔法”与唐代小说叙事谋略探微

唐代尚史之风弥漫于文坛,造就了小说家特定的知识结构,从而赋予他们以突出的"史才";而许多唐代小说又多与当时的政治现实密切相联,为能自由地抒情言志、寄寓褒贬,于是源于历史叙事传统的"春秋笔法"便成为唐代小说家重要的叙事谋略."春秋笔法"的内涵为:作者不作论断,而是将自己的主观褒贬暗寓于客观冷静的叙事之中;叙事隐晦深曲,讲究匣剑帏灯、旁敲侧击.此二法在唐代小说中得到了充分显示.     

民族社会学视野下的回族女性研究

回族女性研究是中国妇女研究的重要组成部分,20世纪90年代以来,中国回族女性研究取得了长足的进步和发展。本文着力于回顾既往回族女性研究中所涉及的诸多问题展开历史追溯与反思,就回族女性研究的内涵、研究的对象与范围、研究的意义与作用、研究的方法、理论构建、学术素养等学术界较为关注的几个问题进行了论述,在追溯中反思我们今后研究的拓展方向,力求为未来回族女性的发展提供一定参考。     

近十年来土族研究综述

本文从历史、语言文字、文学艺术、宗教文化、婚姻家庭、经济发展等方面 ,对土族近十年来的研究状况作了总结 ,可资参考