A Simple Variance Estimator for Unequal Probability Sampling without Replacement

Survey sampling textbooks often refer to the Sen–Yates–Grundy variance estimator for use with without-replacement unequal probability designs. This estimator is rarely implemented because of the complexity of determining joint inclusion probabilities. In practice, the variance is usually estimated by simpler variance estimators such as the Hansen–Hurwitz with replacement variance estimator; which often leads to overestimation of the variance for large sampling fractions that are common in business surveys. We will consider an alternative estimator: the Hájek (1964 Hájek J 1981 Sampling from a Finite Population New York: Marcel Dekker  [Google Scholar]) variance estimator that depends on the first-order inclusion probabilities only and is usually more accurate than the Hansen–Hurwitz estimator. We review this estimator and show its practical value. We propose a simple alternative expression; which is as simple as the Hansen–Hurwitz estimator. We also show how the Hájek estimator can be easily implemented with standard statistical packages.     

Capabilities and Well-Being: Evidence Based on the Sen–Nussbaum Approach to Welfare

One of the most significant theoretical contributions to welfare analysis across a range of disciplines has been the development of the capabilities framework by Sen and others. Motivated by the claim that freedom should play a key role in social evaluation, the capabilities framework suggests that we consider what it is that people are free to do, as well as what they actually do. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey in conjunction with a list of substantial values posited by Martha Nussbaum, we contribute to the operationalisation and testing of this approach. Specifically, we suggest that commonly used secondary data sources do provide some information about the capabilities people have and that this can be incorporated into models of (subjective) well-being such as those used by a growing number of labour and health economists. We find evidence that a wide range of capabilities exhibit statistically significant relations to well-being that the relations are complex and slightly different for men and women, and conclude with suggestions for future developments.     

试论孙中山的教育思想

孙中山揭露了封建教育制度的弊端,认为发展中国经济,振兴实业,赶上西方发达国家,必须发展中国的科技力量,而壮大中国科技实力的途径只有大力发展现代教育,传授最新的科技知识。     

林森对宣扬孙中山精神的贡献

林森提议尊称孙中山先生为国父 ,认真阐释“总理遗教”,弘扬孙中山的崇高人格风范 ,推崇他的矢志不移奋斗救国的精神 ,并从政治、经济、思想文化各方面宣扬孙中山的思想 ,作为当时抗战建国的旗帜 ,这是正确而又明智的举措。虽然林森对“总理遗教”的宣传有所取舍 ,但也有所发展 ,亦有特殊的贡献     

自由发展观与科学发展观的比较研究

自由发展观打破了＂以物为中心＂的单纯追求经济增长的传统狭隘发展观旧范式,从自由的角度确立了一个＂以人为中心＂,崇尚自由与发展的新型发展观,认为自由既是发展的首要目的又是发展的重要手段;自由发展观与科学发展观存在诸多思想相通和理论关联之处,自由发展观为科学发展观的提出提供了重要的理论来源。通过二者的比较研究,一方面可以增强对自由发展观的深度理解,另一方面对学习和实践科学发展观具有重要的借鉴意义。     

哈耶克与阿马蒂亚·森经济自由思想比较

社会主义和谐社会是以人为本的社会和谐发展状态,其本质是促进人自由而全面地发展,自由又是人的全面发展的逻辑起点。哈耶克经济自由思想的核心是个人自由,阿马蒂亚.森经济自由思想的核心是实质自由。运用比较研究法从正义、责任、市场经济制度等范畴就哈耶克与阿马蒂亚.森的经济自由思想作了比较研究,分析了其差异的根源,阐释了两者自由思想中的合理成分对于构建和谐社会的借鉴意义。     

《清代毗陵名人小传稿·孟森传》撰人问题及史料价值

《清代毗陵名人小传稿》卷十所列《孟森传》,长期被误认为张惟骧之作。梳理该书撰人及成书过程,并证以《蒋维乔日记》,可知此传实出蒋维乔的增补。蒋氏为孟森常州同乡、江阴南菁书院（高等学堂）同窗及上海商务印书馆同事,相识甚早,交游直至孟氏暮岁,因而能习知孟氏生平学行,并为之作传。此传并无行述、事略、碑传等完整的孟氏生平材料作为底稿,然而抽绎其文,并推定其所述事实之所本,可知皆来自蒋氏所见、所闻及所亲历之事,大多有直接、可靠的来源。蒋氏《孟森传》,实为有关孟森生平最早、最完整的原始史料。唯其并无孟氏行述一类文字作为底稿,方得免溢美之词,而多纪实之语,其史料价值,应予表彰。     

《梁高僧传·经师论》解读——西域与中原佛教音乐关系之考析

南朝梁慧皎《高僧传》中有《经师论》,该论涉及了佛教音乐的功能、佛教音乐的代表人物及重大事件和中国佛教音乐起源等问题。《经师论》中有的内容在龟兹石窟壁画中有艺术造型相证。本文还对中国佛教音乐起源问题,做全新解读,对沿袭之说提出辨析。通过解读与考析,表明西域佛教音乐是中国佛教音乐的最主要源头。     

Sen and Aristotle on Wellbeing

A significant body of research and analysis concerning wellbeing has emerged across a number of social research disciplines, yet the concept of wellbeing does not admit of any unified meaning. Philosophical accounts of wellbeing are traditionally divided into three categories: hedonistic, desire‐satisfaction and objective list theories, reflecting longstanding doctrinal divisions in normative ethics. Rejecting the foundational monism associated with these approaches, Amartya Sen has proposed a pluralist ‘capabilities’ approach to personal wellbeing based on freedom of choice and the Aristotelian notion of a ‘function’. Recent Australian wellbeing research also shows promising signs of moving beyond reductive income‐based metrics towards plural indicators of poverty and social disadvantage. This paper reprises Aristotle's distinctive account of perfect wellbeing (eudaimonia) in the Nicomachean Ethics and investigates Sen's approach in its light, suggesting that future Australian research in the spirit of Sen's pluralism may benefit from Aristotelian insights into the ‘thickness’ of freedom implicated in personal wellbeing.