“帕奈”号(Panay)事件

本文依据美国国会图书馆手稿部档案,详细披露了1937年日军在进攻南京时,不顾国际惯例悍然向巡航在南京上游长江段的中立国美国炮舰帕奈号发动空袭并将其炸沉的全过程,以及事件发生后美英等国的国际反应和美日间的外交斡旋。并指出,这一事件与四年后日本对珍珠港的偷袭行径如出一辙,时至今日仍发人深省。     

论近代早期法国胡格诺教徒移居英国及其影响

16世纪欧洲宗教改革开始后,法国的胡格诺教徒不断遭到维护天主教当局的镇压,他们逃离祖国,寻求避难,其中相当多的人来到了英国.在将近两百年的历史中,胡格诺移民在英国寻得了生存之地,同时也为英国的经济发展和社会进步做出了贡献.从另一角度说,近代英国的崛起,离不开胡格诺教徒等外来因素的积极性影响.     

土地规划中行政监督机构准司法性之引入——以英国规划督察署为例

行政监督机构具有"准司法性",是指其处理行政案件的程序具有司法的特征,行使了一定的司法职能,并且最终裁决具有相当的司法效力。土地规划的行政监督机构对行政机关主导的土地利用规划具有层级监督和裁决规划申诉的作用。英国规划督察署作为土地规划的行政监督机构,具有准司法性特征,有效规制了地方规划权的行使,为不服规划部门行政决定的利益相关人提供了便捷高效的救济途径。我国需要在土地规划的行政监督制度中借鉴英国经验,引入准司法性因素,从监督机构的地位、组成、运作程序等方面完善我国土地规划行政监督制度。     

美国政府与清末民初的“西藏问题”

美国政府于1899年提出对华“门户开放”政策,把西藏是中国的一部分作为一个历史事实接受下来。当英国在1904年第二次侵藏战争和1911年中国辛亥革命后试图否认中国对于西藏的主权,把西藏从中国分裂出去时,美国政府为了维护自己的在华利益而表示了异议。本文主要依据英文档案资料,对当时美国政府在西藏问题上的立场、态度及其形成的背景和原因进行了分析。     

英、德电信监管机构制度选择

20世纪80年代欧洲国家在公用事业部门纷纷建立监管机构。对此一些学者认为,监管机构的建立是政府角色从积极型向监管型转型所必须的制度要件,一个统一的监管机构模式正在形成。从英、德两国电信监管机构的选择可以发现,英、德两国电信监管制度选择的结果和过程既具有很大的相似性,也存在较多的差异。相似性表现在监管机构模式的选择结果和内、外两种力量影响的选择过程;差异性表现在内、外影响程度不同所导致的监管机构内部组织设计上。这种差异源于两国的公共行政传统,因此实现政策学习与传统继承之间的良好结合,对于公用事业改革的成功意义重大。     

英国压力集团初探

压力集团是英国政治机构和政治决策执行过程中的一个重要因素，也是人们参与政治的主要途径之一。压力集团试图影响政府制定执行政策，但不以取得政权为最终目的，在政府管理国家事务的过程中发挥着不同程度的重要作用，因而被看作是英国的“第五种财产”和“政府的必需品”。它们是政府职能的重要延伸和补充；是社会各种矛盾和阶级矛盾的一种有效缓冲剂；也是维护和进一步巩固资本主义制度的一个有效手段。     

Refugees and Cultural Transfer to Britain: An Introduction

This introduction has four purposes. It first of all gives a working definition of the refugee. It then outlines the main groups of refugees which have moved to Britain since the early modern period, focusing, more particularly, upon the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, which form the main focus of this volume. The article then introduces the reader to concepts of cultural transfer, especially as applied to migration and refugees, as well as outlining the main issues under consideration in the British case study, which forms the basis of this volume. Finally, the study introduces the main essays which follow and explains the structure adopted.     

Differences in the Donor Behavior Characteristics of Young Affluent Males and Females: Empirical Evidence from Britain

The objectives of this study were to obtain a deeper understanding of the donor behavior characteristics of young affluent individuals; and to ascertain whether young affluent women differed significantly from young affluent males in their approaches to philanthropy. Two hundred and seventeen investment bankers, accountants, and corporate lawyers, aged under 40 years, earning more than £50,000 annually and working in the City of London were questioned about their attitudes and behavior in relation to charitable giving. Significant differences emerged between the donor behavior characteristics of males and females. A conjoint analysis revealed that whereas men were more interested in donating to the arts sector in return for social rewards (invitations to gala events and black-tie dinners, for example), women had strong predilections to give to people charities and sought personal recognition from the charity to which they donated.     

全国外国法制史研究会第二十届年会综述

文章围绕年会的发言内容进行了阐述,通过混合法律文化的理论探索、历史考察、日本的个案研究、两大法系的历史与实践、混合法系的实践与中国法的发展等专题研讨,开拓了该领域研究的思路和视野。     

Why do people engage in paid informal work? A comparison of higher- and lower-income urban neighbourhoods in Britain

The aim of this paper is to show that the extensive and growing sphere of paid informal work is not the same everywhere. Instead, we identify distinct socio-spatial differences in its character and the reasons why people engage in such work. Drawing upon interviews with 511 households in higher- and lower-income urban neighbourhoods of British cities, we reveal that for people living in the higher-income neighbourhoods, most paid informal work is conducted under social relations akin to formal employment. Exchange is between consumers and suppliers previously unknown to each other who are motivated by economic gain. For the populations of the lower-income neighbourhoods, in contrast, paid informal exchange occurs mostly between relatives, friends and neighbours for reasons associated with redistribution and sociality. Consequently, we show the need to move beyond assigning a universal character and logic to paid informal work and for greater recognition of the socio-spatial differences in this form of exchange. El objetivo de este articulo es demostrar que la esfera extensiva y creciente del trabajo pagado informal no es en todos sitios igual. En cambio, identificamos distintas diferencias socio-espaciales en al carácter y en el porque la gente se dedica a tales trabajos. Recurrimos a entrevistas con 511 hogares de barrios urbanos con ingresos elevados e ingresos bajos en varios ciudades británicas para revelar que, para los que viven en los barrios de ingresos elevados, la mayoría del trabajo pagado informal se conduce según relaciones sociales parecidas a las del empleo formal. En este caso, el intercambio ocurre entre consumidores y proveedores, previamente desconocidos, motivados por ganancia. Por cambio, en los barrios de ingresos bajos, el intercambio pagado informal ocurre principalmente entre familia, amigos y vecinos por razones asociadas con la redistribución y la socialidad. Por consiguiente, demostramos la necesidad de avanzar mas allá del mero nombrar un carácter y una lógica universal al trabajo pagado informal, y de dar mayor reconocimiento a las diferencias socio-espaciales en esta forma de intercambio.