试论语言知识与语言能力的关系

本文从探讨语言知识和语言应用能力的关系入手,分析了从认知语言学角度认识两者关系的可能性,认为语言知识和应用能力并不是截然分离的,而是以不同方式获得的,处于不同发展阶段的知识。对显性、隐性知识的认识有助于揭示语言知识和语言实际应用能力之间的关系,在结论中文章指出该理论对语言的教与学有怎样的指导意义。     

钢-混凝土双面结合梁界面在集中荷载作用下的滑移表达

钢-混凝土双面结合梁在内支座负弯矩区设置下翼缘钢筋混凝土板,并通过剪力连接件与钢梁共同作用,从而提高了梁的刚度和承载力。运用基本力学方法对钢-混凝土双面结合梁在使用荷载作用阶段的滑移效应进行探索性分析,推导得到集中荷载作用下负弯矩区上、下界面滑移及滑移应变沿梁长分布的表达式。     

Managing Conflicting Roles: A Qualitative Study with Female Faculty Members

The interface and transactions between the roles individuals need to play in their family and employment environments are a source of both positive and negative stressors for women, their employers, and family members. Drawing on interviews with female faculty members working in three types of higher education institutions in Michigan, the paper first suggests that female faculty members’ current employment-household management is influenced by past decisions. In addition, the complexity of their family and employment careers positively and negatively influences their lives.     

谈多媒体教学软件的开发

阐述多媒体教学的重要作用及其现实意义,介绍多媒体教学软件的研制开发过程以及具体结合 的问题,并给出了实现方法。     

浅谈信息产品的界面设计艺术

信息产品人机界面设计涉及到计算机科学与心理学、设计艺术学、认知科学和人机工程学等诸多领域。当前，造型色彩美学、个性化功能实现及认知、人性化人机工学原理等艺术特质在信息产品界面设计中得到广泛应用。随着信息网络化的发展和读图时代的来临，信息产品人机界面设计更应该在图像、符号、色彩、形态、互动等艺术设计上给予关注，以便设计制作出更具人性化的产品。     

金属与型壳界面作用对精铸件表面质量的影响

讨论金属与型壳界面作用对精铸件表面粗糙度和粘砂缺陷的影响。面层涂料中加入少量氧化铁，可有效地防止钢铁精铸件的表面粘砂缺陷。     

Fast and rigorous: Configurational determinants of strategic decision-making balance

A longstanding debate in the strategic decision-making literature has focused on whether top management teams (TMTs) can effectively balance speed and comprehensiveness when making important decisions. In our research, we build on early insights and pivot from considering whether TMTs can engage indecision-making that balances these tensions to focus instead on when certain types of TMTs are able to achieve such balance. We employ a novel configurational analytical approach and a theoretical framework built from role theory to examine the CEO-TMT interface in a new way. In so doing, we are able to identify specific CEO-TMT constellations that support decision-making that is both fast and rigorous. Using a unique primary dataset and an abductive, configurational approach grounded in fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), we identify six specific leader-team configurations that each facilitate decision processes characterized by rigorous intra-team debate, meaningful reconciliation of divergent ideas, and fast decision speed (which we describe as strategic decision-making balance). The range of CEO-TMT configurations that emerge from our analyses contribute new theory and findings for the strategic decision-making and interface literatures more broadly, as well as the specific research streams on executive gender, humility, and TMT structure.     

Indigenous research methodology – weaving a research interface

ABSTRACT

Indigenous research Knowledges and methodologies have existed over millennia, however it is only recently that Indigenous scholars have been able to challenge institutional Western hegemony to reclaim sovereignty in the research space. Despite the high volume of quantitative research describing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health, there has been limited evaluation of the value added through incorporation of Indigenous Knowledges and methodologies. ‘Research at the interface’ has been discussed as an Indigenous research methodology for researchers to contextualise and inform their research practices, between Indigenous and Western systems of knowledge. In this article we address the significance of ‘research at the interface’ for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research, as an exciting opportunity for innovation to ensure strength, self-determination and resilience for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities engaged in research. We also introduce weaving a methodology for ‘research at the interface’ as a process for conceptualising Indigenous and quantitative research methodologies at the interface.     

Understanding Gaps Between the Risk Perceptions of Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) Residents and Wildfire Professionals

Research across a variety of risk domains finds that the risk perceptions of professionals and the public differ. Such risk perception gaps occur if professionals and the public understand individual risk factors differently or if they aggregate risk factors into overall risk differently. The nature of such divergences, whether based on objective inaccuracies or on differing perspectives, is important to understand. However, evidence of risk perception gaps typically pertains to general, overall risk levels; evidence of and details about mismatches between the specific level of risk faced by individuals and their perceptions of that risk is less available. We examine these issues with a paired data set of professional and resident assessments of parcel‐level wildfire risk for private property in a wildland–urban interface community located in western Colorado, United States. We find evidence of a gap between the parcel‐level risk assessments of a wildfire professional and numerous measures of residents’ risk assessments. Overall risk ratings diverge for the majority of properties, as do judgments about many specific property attributes and about the relative contribution of these attributes to a property's overall level of risk. However, overall risk gaps are not well explained by many factors commonly found to relate to risk perceptions. Understanding the nature of these risk perception gaps can facilitate improved communication by wildfire professionals about how risks can be mitigated on private lands. These results also speak to the general nature of individual‐level risk perception.     

An exploratory study of the influence of the IS function and organizational context on business process reengineering project initiatives

To help evaluate the risk of process reengineering failure and enhance the prospect of its success, three potential sources of influence on BPR initiatives and success are examined in this study. These include the innovative capacity of the organization, IS maturity and strategy-IS interface. It was found that while factors related to IT maturity and influence such as experience in mainframe and client/server computing may facilitate the decision to reengineer, they are not critical in the later stages of the initiative. On the other hand, factors having significant relationships beyond the initial decision include variables pertaining to innovative capacity of the organization and strategy-IS interface. These findings suggest that technical IT competence as a critical enabler is necessary but not sufficient for reengineering success. Based on study findings regarding the innovative capacity of the organization, guidelines for reengineering risk assessment are proposed. In addition, implications of the findings, limitations of the study and opportunities for further research are also discussed.