转型经济下民营企业家个体特质、情境对公司创业的驱动机制——基于QCA的探索性研究

在中国经济转型的大市场环境下,企业如何将公司创业的意愿成功付诸于创业行动,是学术界广泛讨论的话题。文章利用全国私营企业调查问卷表数据,以102家私营企业作为案例样本,通过模糊集定性比较分析(QCA)方法将企业家个体特质与情境两个层面整合,同时从这两个层面进一步细分,去探讨组态效应对公司创业的多重并发影响机制。经过数据分析可以获知,企业家的社群式身份是高公司创业活跃度的必要条件,且导致高公司创业活跃度有四条组态(路径)；导致非高公司创业活跃度的有一条组态(路径),两者之间存在非对称关系。     

‘One MBA?’ How context impacts the development of post-MBA career outcomes

Using survey data from alumni of one of the UK's earliest and largest MBA programmes we explore how career capital, career outcomes and career satisfaction are impacted by learner context. We adopt comparative capitalisms theory to investigate whether graduates from a standardised programme marketed as ‘One MBA’ report broadly similar career outcomes irrespective of their work and study location. We find that despite the rhetoric around globalisation in management education there are differences that fit the theories of comparative capitalisms literature; thus supporting the view that, despite the global nature of MBA branding, context still plays a role in shaping learning and career outcomes as evidenced by differences reported here. Significant findings are reported in terms of the reported development of career capital ‘knowing how’; career satisfaction and perceived organisational support, however differences in terms of the achievement of objective career success (promotion and career mobility) were less pronounced.     

中国和日本近代化改革的比较考察──以戊戌变法和明治维新为中心

中日近代化改革是对后发型国家近代化道路进行比较研究的一个富于典型意义的课题。本文以戊戌变法和明治维新为中心,围绕着改革的背景与目标、西方近代思想的导人及其特征、近代教育的创立及其指导思想等三个方面,对起步阶段的中日近代化改革作了宏观性的比较考察,主要试图揭示两国近代化改革的不同特征。     

The Welfare Modelling Business

The paper starts out by identifying a substantial increase in the use of welfare state typologies within comparative studies. This has developed to a degree where many authors take it for granted that the world consists of a limited number of well-defined welfare regimes. This discussion took off in 1990 and it is expected to continue as an important dimension of welfare and social policy research long into the next millennium. It is shown that the idea of ordering welfare states according to ideal-typical models dates back to the late 1950s and was elaborated substantially during the early 1970s, though rather unnoticed. The publication of Esping-Andersen's The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism in 1990 is identified as the starting point for what has now become a whole academic industry, here entitled the Welfare Modelling Business. Different typologies with different degrees of differentiation are discussed: should we consider welfare capitalism to come in two, three, four or more models? Though the differentiation into regimes is widely recognized, there have, of course, been many discussions about problems and shortcomings. Two major issues are elaborated: the one-sided focus on social insurance provisions and the simultaneous neglect of personal social services; and the parallel one-sided focus on state and market and the neglect of civil societal institutions such as family and networks. The paper concludes that welfare typologizing must take into account the kinds of programmes analysed: context matters.     

《中华民国临时约法》与法兰西《第三共和国宪法》的比较研究

《中华民国临时约法》(以下简称《临时约法》)是辛亥革命最重要的成果之一.《临时约法》是以法兰西《第三共和国宪法》为主要蓝本,同时根据当时孙中山让位于袁世凯的特殊需要加以改造而成.《临时约法》之所以选择以法兰西《第三共和国宪法》为主要蓝本,基于以下两点原因:一是出于“以法制袁”的考虑;二是受法国宪政史的启示.     

朱光潜对中国比较文学的贡献

朱光潜是中国比较文学的重要奠基人.他强调"一切价值都由比较得来",指出"比较"首先应了解被比较事物的各个方面,要尊重被比较者的特点和来龙去脉,强调"比较"不仅能增加新的知识,而且能"互相印证",重新估定价值.他的<悲剧心理学>、<文艺心理学>和<诗论>是中西比较诗学的奠基之作,也是跨越诗学、美学、心理学的跨学科研究的重要著作.他以中国文论为背景,对克罗齐的"形象直觉论"、立普斯的"移情说"和布洛的"距离说"的阐释和分析提供了以西方文论解读中国文学的颇有启发的范例.     

Capitalizing the Crisis? Explanatory Factors for the Design of Short‐time Work across Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development Countries

This article looks at the financial and economic crisis 2008–10 in 18 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development states and seeks to investigate explanatory paths for the subsidization of further education within short‐time work programmes. Several hypotheses are put to the test: first, a classical partisan difference argument; second, a varieties of capitalism approach proposing a successful joint rallying of employers and employees for subsidization in coordinated market economies; and, lastly, the merged hypothesis that right‐wing parties in a coordinated economic context might subsidize feeling the pressure to overcompensate an ‘issue ownership’ of left parties in the field of employee‐friendly policies. We identify four explanatory paths: coordinated economies in the sample subsidized when they were economically closed or highly indebted. The results also support our combined hypothesis, that New Zealand – a left‐governed liberal market economy – and right‐governed coordinated market economies of the non‐Scandinavian type subsidized.     

The Great Recession and Welfare State Reform: Is Retrenchment Really the Only Game Left in Town?

By 2010, when the Greek sovereign debt crisis changed into an existential crisis of the euro, all developed democracies entered a phase in which they had to consolidate their budgets, typically implying a politics of austerity. The scholarly literature, as well as the popular press, suggests that – consequently – welfare retrenchment and cost containment became the only games left in town. In this article, we study the welfare state reform measures taken between 2010 and 2012 in four countries characteristic of mature welfare state regimes (liberal, UK; conservative, Germany; social democratic, Denmark; and hybrid, the Netherlands) to examine empirically whether austerity has indeed become the only item left on the policy menu. Our analysis reveals that retrenchment features prominently on the agenda everywhere, but nowhere by itself. While compensation for income loss is rare since 2010, this still happens. More unexpectedly, reforms in line with a social investment agenda (like expansion of child care or active labour market policies) are still being pursued in all our four cases.     

Work-family conflict in comparative perspective: The role of social policies

This study focuses on the role of social policies in mitigating work-family incompatibilities in 27 countries. We ask whether work-family conflict is reduced in countries that provide family-friendly policies and flexible employment arrangements, and whether women and men are similarly affected by such policies. The study, based on the ISSP 2002, demonstrates considerable variation among countries in the perceived work-family conflict. In all but two countries, women report higher levels of conflict than men. At the individual level, working hours, the presence of children and work characteristics affect the perception of conflict. At the macro level, childcare availability and to a certain extent maternity leave reduce women's and men's sense of conflict. Additionally, the availability of childcare facilities alleviates the adverse effect of children on work-family balance for mothers while flexible job arrangements intensify this effect.     

产业转移:承接地之间竞争的博弈研究——以皖江城市带为例

由于具有相似的区位条件和产业结构,并处在大体相同的发展阶段,皖江城市带各市在承接产业转移上势必会产生激烈的竞争。鉴于此,文章通过构建比较优势和政府政策的两城市承接产业转移博弈模型,得出具有比较优势的城市将获得更高的收益、城市之间的合作比不合作将带来更高的收益等结论,在此基础上,提出应发挥自身优势承接产业转移,建立合理的分工协作机制,避免恶性竞争,引导产业向皖江城市带聚集等措施。