Making social policy work for economic development: the Nordic experience

The Nordic welfare states offer some lessons in a development context. A main achievement has been sustainable poverty reduction. Another important lesson is that, while democratization often leads to greater pressures for social policy expansion, social policy can also contribute to democratization. The Nordic countries further demonstrate that is possible to unify social protection with a competitive and growth-oriented economy. In a number of policy areas, particularly in relation to social services and labor market policy, the Nordic countries have also become leading modernizers. The women-friendly dual-earner model not only combats poverty among families with children, but also enables women to participate in the labor market. The future sustainability of the Nordic model of social policy hinges on the number of taxpayers that can be mobilized. In order to be successful in this, governments need to take a combined, or holistic, approach, and consider both micro motives and macro considerations.     

Tolerance‐based error reduction in multi‐agent bioassays

Some degree of error is inevitable in multi‐agent bioassays regardless of design or measurement technology. Estimation error can be reduced post facto by exploiting the matrix partial ordering of the bioassay survival estimates. The standard method for this is order‐restricted regression (ORR). If the joint action of the bioassay agents admits a tolerance‐based interpretation, additional structure beyond matrix partial ordering is available, leading to a new method of error reduction. This tolerance‐based error reduction (TBER) procedure almost always outperforms ORR. Like ORR, TBER applies to complete factorial bioassay designs and, using weighting, to incomplete designs.     

企业经营管理预警：主成分分析在logistic回归方法中的应用

logistic回归分析是度量企业信用风险的一种主流方法,它的假设比较符合经济现实和金融数据分布的特点。但是考虑到现阶段我国上市公司的信用数据具有的高维性和高相关性等特点对logistic分析产生的负面影响,本文在logistic分析中引入了能够有效降维和消除logistic方程共线性等问题的主成分分析,并对我国沪深两市上市公司的经营失败进行了实证研究,结果表明结合主成分分析法的logistic回归分析在模型解释和预测准确率等力面均优于简单的logistic分析。     

企业诚信与竞争优势的关系研究--基于苏州等六地188家企业的实证调查

本文在综合和提炼了企业诚信与竞争优势的相关理论基础上,将企业诚信分为三个维度,分别是信用水平、品牌、利益相关者信任;将竞争优势分为销售业绩、发展潜力、管理绩效三个维度.本文分析了企业诚信三维度与竞争优势三维度之间的相关和回归关系,研究结论有利于企业诚信建设.     

高科技企业法律所有权、价值驱动因素、控制权分离与公司治理问题——W公司案例及其一般分析

本文通过对风险投资商投资W公司过程中发生一系列事件的描述,揭示了高科技企业普遍存在的公司治理问题及其独特成因。与传统企业所有权与经营权分离不同的是,人力资本及其控制的无形资产对高科技企业价值的贡献相对于有形资产的重要性大大提高,而且人力资本与增长机会和价值驱动资源控制权高度粘合,但这些资源并不能由法律上的所有者控制,出现企业法律所有权与价值驱动因素控制权分离的格局。本文最后对风险投资商提出了若干建议。     

日本的公司治理对企业竞争优势的影响及其改革动因

20世纪90年代以前,日本的公司治理强化了它的企业竞争优势,一度让美国深感不安。而90年代后,日本的公司治理却又演化为经济发展的羁绊,个中原因耐人寻味。本文首先探讨了日本公司治理与企业竞争优势之间的内在逻辑,在此基础上分析了90年代后日本公司治理改革的根本动因。文章的分析是在已有研究成果的基础上力图提供一些更有说服力的见解。     

Jackknifing in Categorical Data Analysis

Estimation of nonlinear functions of a multinomial parameter vector is necessary in many categorical data problems. The first and second order jackknife are explored for the purpose of reduction of bias. The second order jackknife of a function g(.) of a multinomial parameter is shown to be asymptotically normal if all second order partials ?²g( p )?dp_i?p_j obey a Hölder condition with exponent α>1/2. Numerical results for the estimation of the log odds ratio in a 2times2 table demonstrate the efficiency of the jackknife method for reduction of mean-square-error and the construction of approximate confidence intervals.     

减税规则的产权与效率——供给学派公平效率观的产权分析

凯恩斯主义主张通过增税实现收入均等化意义上的公平,供给学派则认为减税能够实现帕累托改进意义上的公平。前者被称之为增税规则公平,后者被称之为减税规则公平。二者虽然都是以资本主义市场经济赖以存在的排他性所有权作为产权基础,但增税规则有损所有权的排他性,两种规则从而有各自不同的效率。     

Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures.

Interdependency analysis in the context of this article is a process of assessing and managing risks inherent in a system of interconnected entities (e.g., infrastructures or industry sectors). Invoking the principles of input-output (I-O) and decomposition analysis, the article offers a framework for describing how terrorism-induced perturbations can propagate due to interconnectedness. Data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is utilized to present applications to serve as test beds for the proposed framework. Specifically, a case study estimating the economic impact of airline demand perturbations to national-level U.S. sectors is made possible using I-O matrices. A ranking of the affected sectors according to their vulnerability to perturbations originating from a primary sector (e.g., air transportation) can serve as important input to risk management. For example, limited resources can be prioritized for the "top-n" sectors that are perceived to suffer the greatest economic losses due to terrorism. In addition, regional decomposition via location quotients enables the analysis of local-level terrorism events. The Regional I-O Multiplier System II (RIMS II) Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is the agency responsible for releasing the regional multipliers for various geographical resolutions (economic areas, states, and counties). A regional-level case study demonstrates a process of estimating the economic impact of transportation-related scenarios on industry sectors within Economic Area 010 (the New York metropolitan region and vicinities).     

煤炭企业超员低效的成因及对策研究

由于管理理念、地理环境和人员的复杂性造成了煤炭企业内部机构臃肿,"超员低效",但是煤炭企业的自身特点为其人员的改革提供了可能。如果树立了正确的"减员"理念,转变管理观念,从调整机构配置、定员上岗分流、建立公平的竞争机制和人力资源机制等方面着手可以解决这个难题。