青史凭谁定是非——评宋齐丘的历史功过

宋齐丘一生历经磨难和坎坷，曾四为宰相，贵为三公，助徐知诰“兴利除害，变更旧法”，并提出和推行了具有远见卓识的税制改革，戮力劝农，对吴、唐社会经济的发展作出了巨大的贡献，推动了历史的前进。他从此居功自傲，挟旧邀功，贪权固位．并长期卷入朝中朋党之争，最终葬送了自己。宋齐丘一生有功有过，但功大于过，是值得充分肯定的，应给其以公正的历史评价。     

ERP在钢铁贸易企业的应用研究

以上海宝钢技术经济发展公司为对象,根据公司对提升内部管理及业务流程规范化的要求,研究了公司建立ERP系统的定位及目标,提出应建立以钢材贸易和钢铁产品深加工为主业的ERP体系,实现流通过程中的价值增值.在分析存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了ERP的模式、流程设计及采购业务、库存业务的解决方案.     

大型系统集成的设计与实现

根据行业间系统集成项目在通信、协议、事务、安全方面的特点，和国税多元化信息服务平台建设的背景，提出了系统建设的目标在于通过税务和银行、国库、电信、邮政等行业的互联和系统集成，为纳税人提供多种纳税申报言式，保证税款及时征收和入库。该平台由电话／传真／银行网点／网络／邮政报税、税／银／邮／电联网、ＣＡ安全认证、数据传输、业务处理、中心管理等功能模块组成；采用多种技术和产品进行实现；并从技术角度提出需关注的问题。     

锌表面Mo(W)-S-Zn簇合物膜的XPS和AES研究

在锌表面获得了多种不同颜色且具有金属光泽的不溶性Mo(W)-S-Zn簇合物转化膜,所获膜层具有良好的耐蚀性能和装饰效果,加热处理后颜色将发生变化,加速腐蚀试验结果表明,金黄色膜耐蚀性最佳。FT-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES分析表明,该膜层厚度约为60nm。钼在膜表面的价态为+6价,而在膜内则以+6、+4价共存。从AES深度分布曲线可知,其组成为32.5％Zn,19.3％Mo,39.4％S,8.5％O。膜为多分子层组成的复杂体系,其颜色是各组分统计分布的结果。     

论所用权 --与民法所有权的比较分析

所有权是民法 (外 )物权的核心 ,而所用权则是经济法 (内 )物权的核心。创设所用权具有重大的理论意义和实践意义 ,因为这是在财富创造的竞争中赋予人们一种新的权利并使之得到法制的保障 ,这有利于我们坚持“发展才是硬道理”的原则 ,从而把我国的经济建设搞得更好     

凉山州乌饭树资源的开发利用

本文对产于凉山州乌饭树的生物学特征、分布和生态环境、食用和药用价值、开发利用现状作了综合概述,并提出了开发利用和保护该资源的建议。     

Simple detection of outlying short time series

Sets of relatively short time series arise in many situations. One aspect of their analysis may be the detection of outlying series. We examine the performance of standard normal outlier tests applied to the means, or to simple functions of the means, of AR(1) series, not necessarily of equal lengths. Although unequal lengths of series implies that the means have unequal variances, that are only known approximately, it is shown that nominal significance levels hold good under most circumstances. Thus a standard outlier test can usefully be applied, avoiding the complication of estimating the time series' parameters. The test's power is affected by unequal lengths, being higher when the slippage occurs in one of the longer series     

黑龙江（汉族）民歌衍变过程探析——对黑龙江、河北（汉族）民歌的比较

黑龙江汉族民歌的衍变历经了数百年的岁月沧桑，它与民族迁徙、人口变迁以及文化传统等存在着极为密切的联系。通过对黑龙江民歌与河北、山东、河南、山西民歌进行比较，表明黑龙江民歌与河北民歌之间存在着较近的亲缘关系。因此，文章试图在对较有代表性的几首黑龙江与河北民歌比较研究的基础上进一步探究黑龙江民歌衍变的影响因素。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.

Challenge of multi-level governance in developing countries and possible GIS applications

Of the three most prominent issues in governance discourse—the horizontal coordination of markets, government hierarchies and networks, global governance and multi-level governance—this paper argues that the last, developing and sustaining structures of multi-level governance, constitutes the most profound governance challenge for most developing countries.The paper identifies the major forces promoting change in favor of multi-level governance in developing countries. Using the growing literature and comparative national experiences (illustrated with the examples of India, the Philippines, Colombia and Nigeria), it highlights the key achievements of democratic decentralization as well as its nagging problems in these countries. Finally, the paper demonstrates the significance of these developments for democracy and development in these countries and shows some of the ways by which external partners—especially experts associated with the Geographic Information Systems for Developing Countries can assist and possibly benefit from this process.