在碎片中破土——从“震惊”看《发达资本主义时代的抒情诗人》

本雅明《发达资本主义时代的抒情诗人》一书充满了形形色色的人与物,但在纷繁复杂的意象中,"震惊"一以贯之,成为探寻问题的一个起点和动因。文章从"震惊"的心理溯源开始来梳理本雅明的美学思想和社会学思想,以期从这一特定角度对本雅明的现代性思想有一个较为明晰的理解。心理层面,人们以牺牲事物的完整性和鲜活性为代价,发展出一套针对"震惊"的戒备机制。美学领域,"震惊"剥夺了传统艺术的"光晕",而波德莱尔的伟大之处正在于把"震惊"引入了抒情诗。"震惊"还引发了新的社会现象,这就是以游荡者为代表的人群,以及以摄影为代表的物象,人的异化不可避免地产生了。     

21世纪大学生心理压力探析

本文认为 ,当今大学生的心理压力主要有 3种 :大学生活的压力、个人成长的压力和社会大环境的压力。大学生活的压力包括适应的压力、学业的压力和集体生活的压力 ;个人成长的压力包括人际成长的压力、自我完善的压力、与性和爱情有关的成长压力 ;社会大环境的压力包括就业的压力、社会对人才的高要求压力和经济压力。指出进行压力处理的心理健康教育十分重要。     

Social Networks Derived from Affiliations and Friendships, Multi-informant and Self-reports: Stability, Concordance, Placement of Aggressive and Unpopular Children, and Centrality

This study compares three variations in how researchers construct middle childhood social networks: (1) with friendships or affiliations as a relational tie; (2) with children providing self reports of relationships, or in addition, multi-informant reports of relationships in which they are not involved; and (3) whether network computation is correlational or distance-based . The sample was 357 fourth- and fifth-grade students in 17 classrooms. The strongest differences were between self-reported friendship and affiliative networks. Results showed that compared with affiliations, friendship networks had smaller groups, more isolates, and lower fall-to-spring stability. Agreement in social placement between friendship and affiliative networks was generally average, but poor for unpopular and aggressive children. Multi-informant affiliative networks were most robust in their positioning of aggressive children. Multi-informant centrality was uniquely uncorrelated with aggression. Network computation differences were not substantial. Discussion focuses on recommendations for research and the educational promise of network technology.     

An assessment of GRAI Grids and their use in the Strathclyde Integration Method

The purpose of this paper is to present a critical assessment of GRAI Grids as a tool for improved manufacturing integration. GRAI Grids, a key component of the GRAI approach, form an integral part of the Strathclyde Integration Method SIM for manufacturing integration. The contribution of the paper is thus to provide a 'third party' view of the effectiveness of GRAI Grids as a modelling tool. The paper presents a brief overview of the GRAI approach, concentrating particularly on the Grids, and an overview of SIM, showing how GRAI Grids are used. The main section of the paper presents an assessment and critique of GRAI Grids. Several benefits and limitations of the Grid as used in SIM and some suggestions for extensions are presented. The paper concludes that the use of the GRAI Grid, within a methodology, provides a unique insight into the behaviour and design of manufacturing information systems and that those who criticize the technique perhaps do so from a lack of awareness of its concepts, principles and advantages.     

土族研究一百年--土族社会历史、文化研究述评

本文的主要目的,是将近百年国内外学者对土族的研究分门别类地梳理并加以评述,对今后土族研究提供一个更加清晰、便利的文献综述.     

关于北方民族史研究的几个问题

长期以来,人们一直按照一源论的观点,认为中华民族文化和中华文明起源于黄河流域,北方民族的族源及其文化都是从中原地区传播而来,实际上,北方以及东北地区也是中华人类和文明发源地之一;以往的北方民族史研究,常常割断北方民族发展的继承性和连续性,把各个断代时期的某一民族,都说成是从原始野蛮时期开始,一步一步走过来,造成每个民族发展过程中的不断从头开始,实际上,北方民族发展已经形成自己的序列,发展水平具有一定的继承性和连续性,每个朝代都有新的发展和变化,并不是每一个朝代都从头开始;北方民族在发展过程中多次实现北方的统一,对中国的大统一以及中国北方疆域的奠定、巩固和开发都起到了极其重要的作用,因此,北方民族对中国历史发展的贡献不能低估。     

Effect of Inventory Information Discrepancy in a Drop‐Shipping Supply Chain

This article investigates the impact of information discrepancy between a drop‐shipper and an online retailer on the drop‐shipping supply chain performance. The inventory information misalignment between them contributes to the failure of order fulfillment and demand satisfaction, and hence the associated penalties are incurred. In this article, we first analyze the penalties of ignoring such information discrepancy on both the drop‐shipper and the online retailer. We then assess the impact of information discrepancy on both parties when the drop‐shipper understands the existence of the information discrepancy but is not able to eliminate the errors. The numerical experiments indicate that both parties can have significant amount of the percentage cost reductions if the information discrepancy can be eliminated, and the potential savings are substantial especially when the errors have large variability. Furthermore, we observe that the online retailer is more vulnerable to information discrepancy than the drop‐shipper, and the drop‐shipper is likely to suffer from the online retailer's underestimation of the physical inventory level more than the problem of its overestimation. Moreover, even if eliminating errors is not possible, both parties could still benefit from taking the possibility of errors into consideration in decision making.     

环境信息披露的污染减排效应评估

本文利用我国2008年正式实施环境信息披露制度这一外生冲击构造准自然实验,基于2004-2017年我国285个城市的面板数据,通过双重差分法系统评估环境信息披露对工业污染物排放的影响。克服环境信息披露的测量困难与内生性问题,首次考察环境信息披露的污染减排效果,并借助数理模型对其影响机制进行规范阐释。研究发现,环境信息披露能够显著降低工业污染物排放水平,且该影响具有一定的时滞性和长期性;同时,减排作用会随地区环境污染程度和环境规制力度的增强而呈现递增规律;此外,机制分析的结果表明,其传导机制主要来自于产业结构转型和减排技术进步。为验证研究结论的稳健性,本文提供了平行趋势、工具变量、安慰剂等多种方法的检验结果。本文的研究在经验上丰富了环境信息披露与环境污染治理之间关系的相关讨论,为提升我国环境污染治理水平、打赢污染防治攻坚战提供有益的政策启示。     

锚定比率可以衡量股价高估吗？——基于崩盘风险视角的经验证据

股价高估指的是公司市场价值超出其内在价值的现象,但如何衡量内在价值一直存在争议。借鉴行为金融文献中锚定效应的概念,结合中国资本市场的特殊性,本文提出了锚定比率(简称"RPR")这一新的股价高估指标。为了证实该指标的有效性,本文利用事后的股价崩盘风险进行了相关检验。结果表明:第一,锚定比率与股价崩盘风险正相关;第二,更少的分析师跟踪、更多的散户持股以及更高的股票流动性均会强化锚定比率对股价崩盘风险的影响;第三,在控制常用的股价高估指标、两类代理问题和管理层"捂盘"行为后,本文的结果依然成立;第四,利用崩盘事件,本文证实了锚定比率会加剧股价下跌的程度,且长期来看股价会保持"惯性"而非"反转"。本文的研究表明投资者做决策时对股价高点存在明显的锚定效应,丰富了锚定效应在中国资本市场中的运用。更重要的是,本文提出了一个可能更适合于中国资本市场的股价高估指标,该指标意味着资本市场定价机制的不完善是导致股价高估和频繁崩盘的重要原因,这对于改善资本市场定价效率、降低股价崩盘风险有一定的启示作用。     

中国上市 ITO 企业经营效率评价及影响因素分析

运用基于规模报酬可变的投入导向的超效率DEA模型,对在沪深两市上市的具有代表性的30家中国ITO企业的经营效率进行实证研究,结果表明中国上市ITO公司整体运营效率不高,且各企业之间存在显著差异性。为分析企业规模、员工素质、研发投入等因素对中国上市ITO企业效率的影响,采用Tobit模型发现企业规模、员工素质、政府支持等因素对企业运营效率有着积极地影响,而研发投入对企业运营效率的影响并不显著。