试论广西师范学院教学质量监控体系的构建与完善

高校扩招以来,高等教育能否在规模扩大的同时保证质量,一直是社会各界普遍关注的热点.构建和完善教学质量监控体系,是高等教育发展的必然要求,是促进和提高高校可持续发展能力的有效途径.广西师范学院在实践探索中逐步形成以严密的质量监控制度体系、规范的教学环节质量标准、通过四支教学信息采集管理队伍进行教学信息收集与反馈的监控系统为主要内容的教学质量监控体系.根据学院发展面临的新形势,针对当前教学质量监控体系中存在的薄弱环节,今后应从强化建设过程监控等六个方面进一步完善教学质量监控体系,以全面提高教学质量.     

学习是中国共产党建设的永恒主题

善于学习是马克思主义政党的特质。中国共产党90多年来的奋斗史,正是一部在实践中不断开拓进取的学习史。根据党在领导中国革命、建设、改革和发展的不同历史时期学习的任务、特点和方法,本文将中国共产党90多年来的学习史划分为七个阶段,并总结出以学立党、以学兴党的若干经验启示。     

语言学习理念研究综述

语言学习理念对学习者的态度、行为、学习方法、途径和策略、学习效果都有较大的影响.对语言教学理念的研究是了解语言学习者和语言学习过程的重要途径.对提高语言学习和教学效率有着重要的意义.本文在大量文献检索的基础上,归纳了语言学习的定义、特点、范围、类型和对语言学习理念的研究方法,分析了语言学习理念能否改变的问题,对实证研究发现的不同群体的一些语言学习理念差异作了简单介绍,并提出了语言学习理念研究尚待进一步研究的一些问题.     

关于科学发现机器的研究

本文阐述了科学发现的两个判据,在知识存贮有劣性原理的基础上,提出了知识存贮不完全性原理,指出存在一类逻辑上具有非放大性,但认识论上具有放大性的演绎发现机器。在休谟问题逻辑学范围内不可解原理的基础上,论证了不存在通用的归纳发现机器,但建立局部合理的、有效的、完备的归纳发现机器是可行的。最后,本文描述了科学发现机器的结构,并在文献的基础上,描述了一种同时具有发生与评价功能的归纳发现机器并论证了它的合理性。     

论“自主学习”模式下的教师角色

培养学习者自主学习的能力是外语教学的重要目标。本文在自主学习模式下,探讨当代大学教师应扮演的角色:策划、指导者;监控、评估者;促进、帮助者;反思、研究者;资源利用者和心理医生。     

转变教师角色，提高学生自主学习能力

随着社会的变革和发展,传统的教育模式已不能适应时代的要求。现代教育的目标越来越倾向于人才能力的提高和全面素质的增强,而实现这个目标的关键就在于转变传统的教师角色,提高学生自主学习能力。本文将从教师角色的转变等方面对提高学生自主学习能力的途径进行探讨。     

Statistical mechanical analysis of the dynamics of learning in perceptrons

We describe the application of tools from statistical mechanics to analyse the dynamics of various classes of supervised learning rules in perceptrons. The character of this paper is mostly that of a cross between a biased non-encyclopaedic review and lecture notes: we try to present a coherent and self-contained picture of the basics of this field, to explain the ideas and tricks, to show how the predictions of the theory compare with (simulation) experiments, and to bring together scattered results. Technical details are given explicitly in an appendix. In order to avoid distraction we concentrate the references in a final section. In addition this paper contains some new results: (i) explicit solutions of the macroscopic equations that describe the error evolution for on-line and batch learning rules; (ii) an analysis of the dynamics of arbitrary macroscopic observables (for complete and incomplete training sets), leading to a general Fokker–Planck equation; and (iii) the macroscopic laws describing batch learning with complete training sets. We close the paper with a preliminary expose´ of ongoing research on the dynamics of learning for the case where the training set is incomplete (i.e. where the number of examples scales linearly with the network size).     

影响大学生学习积极性的因素及对策

当代大学生学习积极性具有六大动力因素,且具明显的时代特征;而学习积极性不足现象是由社会及学校环境,特别是由主观方面的价值观因素、情感因素等因素造成。因此提高大学生学习积极性一方面应从教育理念、培养目标以及管理等方面着手,另一方面更应从正确的价值观(正面输导、培育学习兴趣、利用道德责任等)、稳定的情感以及正确的归因理论方面提出有效措施。     

学生授课PK法在大学课堂教学中的运用

大学课堂大多以教师讲授为主,很难听到学生的观点与异议,学生的主动性与积极性难以激发,学习效果受到严重影响。本文提出一种提高大学课堂学习效果的学生授课PK法,这种方法将改变教师一贯唱主角的教学模式,同时提高学生参与学习的主动性、积极性。     

Newsvendor Problems with Demand Shocks and Unknown Demand Distributions

In today's competitive market, demand volume and even the underlying demand distribution can change quickly for a newsvendor seller. We refer to sudden changes in demand distribution as demand shocks. When a newsvendor seller has limited demand distribution information and also experiences underlying demand shocks, the majority of existing methods for newsvendor problems may not work well since they either require demand distribution information or assume stationary demand distribution. We present a new, robust, and effective machine learning algorithm for newsvendor problems with demand shocks but without any demand distribution information. The algorithm needs only an approximate estimate of the lower and upper bounds of demand range; no other knowledge such as demand mean, variance, or distribution type is necessary. We establish the theoretical bounds that determine this machine learning algorithm's performance in handling demand shocks. Computational experiments show that this algorithm outperforms the traditional approaches in a variety of situations including large and frequent shocks of the demand mean. The method can also be used as a meta‐algorithm by incorporating other traditional approaches as experts. Working together, the original algorithm and the extended meta‐algorithm can help manufacturers and retailers better adapt their production and inventory control decisions in dynamic environments where demand information is limited and demand shocks are frequent