加强我国艾滋病防治督导与评估能力建设的思考

随着艾滋病防治督导与评估重要性的凸显,我国也积极努力地尝试建立国家综合协调的艾滋病防治督导与评估体系。能力建设是督导与评估工作的基础和前提,本文围绕督导与评估能力建设的概念和目标,提出加强能力建设的建议和方向。     

Assessing the Concept of the ‘Insecure‐Other’ Category in the Cassidy–Marvin Scheme: Changes Between 4 and 6 Years in the English and Romanian Adoptee Study

We set out to explore the meaning of the attachment categories in the Cassidy/Marvin strange situation procedure, as employed in the home, using data from a longitudinal study of children adopted into UK families up to the age of 42 months from Romanian institutions, and of adopted children without the experience of institutional care––both groups being assessed at 4 and 6 years of age. Inter‐rater reliability was found to be good. Security (meaning the use of the parent as a secure base and no negative behavior on reunion) was the modal categorical rating in both the institution‐reared and comparison groups, but the category of anomalous non‐normative behavior (meaning a lack of any ordered attachment behavior as covered by the standard ratings), previously labeled ‘insecure‐other’, was more common in the institution‐reared children. Because this was unassociated with the usual manifestations of insecurity (such as avoidance or resistance) and because it was largely evident in interactions with the stranger, it is concluded that the adjective ‘insecure’ was not appropriate. Although this ‘insecure‐other’ category was associated with disinhibited attachment as reported by parents (meaning a lack of differentiation among adults, a willingness to go off with strangers and a lack of checking back with parents in anxiety‐provoking situations), it did not prove to be a good index of disinhibited attachment because changes over time in the ‘insecure‐other’ category were not associated with changes in the rate of disinhibited attachment. Also, whereas the rate of ‘insecure‐other’ fell markedly in the institution‐reared group between 4 and 6 years of age, it rose in the comparison group, raising queries over its meaning.     

不同权力结构下制造商双渠道供应链的博弈分析

在单个拥有线下传统批发及线上直销双渠道的制造商和单个零售商组成的供应链中,基于供应链成员博弈权力的差异,构建制造商占优或零售商占优的两类Stackelberg博弈及双方同等权力的Nash博弈模型,分析了三种博弈权力结构对供应链成员价格,需求和利润的影响。研究发现：当制造商线下传统批发渠道所占市场份额较小时,（1）渠道交叉价格弹性系数为0时和不为0时,三种博弈权力结构对制造商双渠道供应链均衡解的影响具有一定的鲁棒性;（2）三种博弈权力结构下,制造商线上直销渠道价格相同;两类Stackelberg博弈权力结构下,线下传统批发渠道价格相同且大于Nash博弈下的传统渠道价格;制造商批发价格随其博弈主导地位下降逐渐降低;（3）当渠道交叉价格弹性系数为0时,三种博弈权力结构对线上直销渠道需求的影响是无差异的;当渠道间交叉价格弹性系数不为0时,两类Stackelberg博弈权力结构下的线下传统批发渠道需求相同且小于Nash博弈下的传统渠道需求,线上直销渠道需求相同且大于Nash博弈下的线上直销渠道需求;（4）三种博弈策略下,制造商收益及零售商收益随其博弈主导地位下降逐渐降低;Nash博弈下,供应链总利润最大。     

A new look at Markov processes of G/M/1-type

We present a new method for deriving the stationary distribution of an ergodic Markov process of G/M/1-type in continuous-time, by deriving and making use of a new representation for each element of the rate matrices contained in these distributions. This method can also be modified to derive the Laplace transform of each transition function associated with Markov processes of G/M/1-type.     

食品检测咀嚼机器人工作空间研究

为了提高食品检测效率,改善食品检测精度,增加食品检测的客观性,文章介绍了一种基于6-UPS机构的咀嚼机器人,介绍了咀嚼机器人的结构原理,求解了机构的运动学逆解,分析了机构的工作空间影响因素,利用MATLAB编程求得机构在定姿态下的工作空间。空间轮廓图表明,该机构在定姿态下能到达人类全部真实咀嚼空间,机构设计可靠,能够模拟人类咀嚼行为对食品进行检测。     

立体标签自动贴标机结构设计

为了减少在产品包装环节中的人员参与,提高包装环节的自动化程度,研制了一种用于立体标签的自动贴标机。 根据产品贴标的流程,采用Pro/E软件进行三维建模和零部件的优化设计,包括传送机构、标签推进机构和折弯机构。 折弯机构中采用了折弯翻板实现对标签的折弯控制;自动贴标机各机构均采用了独立的电机控制,控制系统采用PLC 技术和变频器调速控制,设计了电动机正反转的控制电路图。通过对机械结构和电气控制系统优化设计,得到了满足设 计要求的自动贴标机机构设计参数,实现了对厚度为0.5 mm纸质标签纸的2次折弯并实现贴标过程。该自动标签机的 使用实现了包装过程的自动化,提高产品的包装效率。     

儒学与学问——关于儒学思想发展的学问化/人格化路径的省思

儒学,尤其是以孔子为代表的原始儒学,究竟是学问,还是哲学、宗教、科学?这是儒学传承历史中的重大问题,也是儒学思想现代化特别是儒学思想当下生存和未来发展所直接面对的根本问题。从儒学思想自身发生和发展的历史看,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,构成了儒学思想自身传承系统的演化路径和存在状态;在全球化语境中,儒学思想的学科性质以及关于这种学科性质的理解,决定了儒学思想当下生存和未来发展的前途和命运。虽然,在儒学思想自身发展的历史上,儒学曾经被作为哲学（哲理化）、宗教（信仰化）和科学（技术化）而获得传承和发展并取得巨大成就,但由于遮蔽了儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,从而也就与现实的个人的生活世界渐行渐远。在市场经济生活方式渐次主导社会生活的今天,激活和启动儒学教化个人如何做人如何做事的学问根本,有利于克制道德冷漠、伦理疏松和人性功利化的趋向,也是儒学思想在全球化条件下生存和发展的可能路径和生存策略。     

湖南沅江话“持续/进行体”的表达形式

对沅江话中五种"持续/进行体"的表达形式进行描写和分析,发现沅江话中主要通过在动词后加助词"着/哒/起"来表示各种持续或进行的意义,缺少普通话中于动词前加副词"正在/在"表示进行的方式。这五种形式及其具体意义分别是:表示暂且/短暂持续的"V下着、V哒(O)着";表示事物存在状态或行为伴随状态的持续的"一V起、V1起(O)V2";表示动作行为或存在状态或行为伴随状态的持续的"V哒O、V1哒(O)V2";表示动态行为的持续的"V餐V餐…、V餐(O)";表示动态行为的持续与进行的"在咯里/哦里+V"。     

汉语方言田野调查与音韵学

从高本汉最早的著作开始就把中国音韵学和方言田野调查紧密地结合起来。在中古音的构拟和间接的上古音研究方面,方言资料是相当重要的角色。早期的方言田野调查以字音为主,后来认识到俗传词才是探索方言历史的关键。