Keynote Address: Impact of the Future on College Health

Abstract

Objective: The authors investigated the effect of gain-framed (GF) compared with loss-framed (LF) messages on exercise behaviors in normal weight and among overweight/class I obese. The authors also examined which groups would have significantly improved exercise behaviors over time. Participants: Sixty-four undergraduates were randomized to the 4 groups by message type and weight category from September 2008 to December 2011. Methods: After screening, students received messages and attended an exercise instruction session. Results: There were no significant differences between GF or LF message groups among normal weight or overweight/obese on the primary outcomes at posttest. After receiving the GF messages, the overweight/obese group was the only group to have a significant increase on all 3 primary outcomes: fitness center attendance (p = .038), combined moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity (p = .005), and strength training (p = .037). Conclusions: The exercise behaviors of undergraduate students who are overweight or obese can benefit from GF messages.     

地方医学院校教育经费管理水平评价指标体系构建及实证分析——以某省属医科大学为例

对地方医学院校教育经费管理水平进行评价,是及时、准确反馈财务信息,改进财务管理模式,全视角掌控发展态势的有效途径。文章运用Delphi法和AHP法构建评价指标体系,采用功效系数法进行无量纲化处理,建立多变量综合评价模型,并以某省属医科大学为例进行了实证研究。     

幸福的二维解读与当代幸福感

对于幸福问题,需作综合考察。从形而上来说,幸福既涉及人之存在的自然状态、道德状态与社会状态。从形而下来说,幸福事关入的需求的满足及其如何实现问题。人的需求的满足,需要一定物质财富作为基础。就个体来说,幸福的获得需要个体的奋斗,展开为个人价值的实现过程;对社会来说,幸福的获得需要政府提供良好的制度与创造好的环境。就当下中国来说,需要对国民的幸福状况作实然的动态调查,以期制定时宜的国民幸福指数,从而指导与实现国民的幸福。     

Strategic Measures to Reduce China’s Carbon Emissions: Based on an Index Decomposition Analysis of Carbon Emissions in Eight Industries

This article uses the refined Laspeyres index decomposition method to examine the overall trends and characteristics of carbon emissions in eight Chinese industries for the period 1994-2008. The results show that every one percentage point increase in economic scale will result in an average increase of 15 Mt (million tonnes) in carbon emissions. However, different industries vary greatly in terms of marginal carbon emissions caused by economic growth. The economic structure’s bias toward heavy industry fuels the increase of carbon emissions: every one percentage point rise in the share of manufacturing industry produces an average of 56 Mt carbon emissions. Technological progress helps reduce energy intensity and serves as a core driver in reducing carbon emissions, in that every one percentage point decrease in energy intensity will cause an average reduction of 33 Mt in carbon emissions. Our coal-dominated energy structure has resulted in a persistently high level of carbon emissions, suggesting that the reduction effect brought about by changes in energy structure is not significant. Nevertheless, lowering the density of overall carbon emissions is a positive signal, indicating that China is optimizing its energy structure. Only by promoting industrial restructuring, optimizing energy structure, encouraging energy-saving technologies and technological innovation, and reorienting industry can China achieve low-carbon development and control pollution.     

Fertility In England: A Long-Term Perspective

This paper deals with two aspects of long-run fertility trends in England. First detailed and widely comparable fertility measures (Coale's indices) are reconstructed for England from the mid-sixteenth century to the present. Secondly the extent and nature of local and regional variation in those indices is discussed. The calculation of Coale's indices has never previously been attempted for so long a time span. Doing so requires the use of several different sources of information and a new method for combining them. The results provide significant insights into the development of the distinctive English demographic regime. The analysis of spatial patterns makes it apparent that local, rather than regional, variation was the main source of different fertility patterns in the nineteenth century. These patterns are obscured when counties or larger units are made the framework for analysis.     

我国科技金融区域发展差异研究

通过构建和计算我国各地区的科技金融发展指数,发现我国科技金融发展区域差异较大。从整体上看,我国东部沿海地区科技金融水平明显高于中西部地区,且各地区科技金融发展严重依赖财政支出。聚类分析的结果显示,区域科技金融的发展不仅取决于当地的经济发展水平和金融发展水平,更多地取决于当地的科技基础。为此,发展科技金融首先需要增强科技实力,明确界定财政科技投入在科技金融中的作用。     

中国-东盟自由贸易区产业内贸易结构分析

本文运用GL指数测算中国-东盟自由贸易区的产业内贸易发展广度和深度。认为中国-东盟自由贸易区的建立加深了双边产业内贸易的规模,尤其是工业制成品的产业内贸易规模发展较为明显,同时战略性初级产品和政策鼓励的深加工工业制成品的产业内贸易程度最高,而单一一方具有较强比较优势的产品,其产业内贸易呈现下降的趋势。由此得出结论,中国与东盟国家应当善用自由贸易区的形式,扩大产业内贸易,这是符合双方共同利益的政策选择。     

教学改革背景下学生评教指标的实证研究

本文通过问卷调查及统计分析的手段,建立起一套在工学结合教学改革新背景下适合的学生评教指标体系．并经实际应用证实,新评教量表具有较好的信度与效度。     

2010—2014年南京市卫生资源配置公平性分析

目的:分析南京市卫生资源配置(health resowrce all ocation,HRA)的公平性。方法:运用泰尔指数方法对2010—2014年南京市各项卫生资源数据进行分析,评估卫生资源按照常住人口配置的状况和公平性。结果:卫生机构和床位配置的总泰尔指数呈先降后升趋势,区域间指数较高但缓慢下降,主城内部指数较高且无明显改善,江北、宁南内部指数呈下降趋势。卫技人员、执业医师和注册护士的总泰尔指数持续下降;区域间指数和主城内部指数始终较高,江北和宁南内部指数持续下降。各项HRA区域间差异和主城内部差异对总泰尔指数的贡献率均较高。结论:2010—2014年南京市HRA公平性逐渐增强;城市规划调整促进了卫生机构建设,但可能导致HRA公平性下降;卫生人力资源配置的公平性相对较差;区域间及主城内部差异是导致南京市HRA不公平的主要原因。     

中美两国价格水平差异的比较研究

基于两种不同类型商品和服务价格数据,研究测算出中美两国价格水平差异程度有所不同。非参数检验和非相似度指数研究表明,对代表性商品而言,中国价格水平低,与美国有显著差异;对同质可比商品而言,中国价格水平接近于美国,部分商品价格甚至高于美国。中美两国价格水平差异总体呈缩小趋势。研究发现,人民币汇价对两国价格水平差异具有一定的传导弹性作用,并且人民币升值的传导作用要大于人民币贬值的传导作用。