河南省NGO现状探析

文章在对河南省NGO进行实证调查的基础上,检视了河南省NGO发展的现状,进而剖析NGO存在的功能异化,最后尝试提出NGO发展脱困的路径选择。     

我国社会和谐治理中非政府组织角色浅析

促进社会和谐是党的十七大报告的重大主题,也是我国经济社会发展的奋斗目标。面对这项具有战略性和全局性的伟大工程,政府仅仅依靠自身力量显然力不从心。作为政府体系之外的一支重要力量,非政府组织理应科学调适自身角色,主动融入发展大局,积极参与社会治理,从而顺利实现和谐中国。     

公民信任结构——论非政府组织应对公共危机的微观基础

应对现代公共危机在很大程度上已无法依靠单个政府或个体，非政府组织的参与成为一种趋势。以往针对非政府组织应对公共危机的研究多基于国家、政府等宏观语境，忽视了微观视角的探讨。公民的信任结构是非政府组织应对公共危机的重要微观基础，主要划分成三个维度：微观、中观和宏观，基于公民的信任结构和各种互惠网络，非政府组织形成了应对公共危机的整合性力量。在公共危机发生的各个阶段，公民的信任结构发挥着信任网络启动、信任结构巩固、信任资源重建与再生产的作用，从而为非政府组织施展行动力提供了多种机会空间。     

Influence of gender self-schema and type of service-oriented NGOs on volunteering activity / Influencia del autoesquema de género y del tipo de servicios de las ONG en las actividades de voluntariado

The feminization of service-oriented NGOs on volunteering needs to consider gender differences when exploring the system of volunteer motivations. This study examines the relationship of these motivations with gender self-schema and type of service-oriented NGOs. For this purpose, 160 volunteers from 21 Spanish NGOs completed a questionnaire. The results show that, once the effect of time spent volunteering was removed, there was a significant effect of gender self-schema in relation to motivation and there was a significant interaction effect between gender self-schema and type of NGO. Specifically, masculine volunteers were less motivated than feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated persons. Also, masculine people working with the elderly were the least motivated volunteers and androgynous people working in service-oriented NGOs dedicated to children and adolescents were the most motivated individuals. The results indicate the relevance of androgyny in understanding volunteering, as well as the importance of promoting non-sexist educational proposals to increase men’s participation in these activities.     

官办NGO在构建和谐社会中的作用——基于浙江省消费者协会的个案研究

作为官办NGO的浙江省消费者协会在调解消费纠纷、保护消费者合法权益方面,开辟了一套高效的运行机制。这一运行机制不仅有利于提高政府的公共管理效能,而且还进一步融洽了社会关系、稳定了社会秩序,极大地促进了社会主义和谐社会的构建。以“消协”为样本的官办NGO在和谐社会构建中所发挥的公共服务和社会协调功能,是任何政府机关和纯民间组织均无法替代的。因此,必须大力发展官办NGO在构建和谐社会中的作用,积极创设其良性运行的条件。     

中国公立医院社会托管:理论、实践、案例

中国医疗卫生体制改革进退维谷,其瓶颈在于市场与政府"双失灵"下的公立医院经营改革取向,创设的"社会托管"是市场失灵与政府失灵的解决途径之一。基于动态的社会契约理论,公立医院问题的重要出路在于社会托管经营,即以第三部门的社会管理职能来弥补市场与政府的缺陷,具体应由特定的官方非政府组织承担起托管责任。社会托管相关问题包括:国有产权的主导地位、社会托管的创新理念、非政府组织的社会作用、所有与经营的分类处理、公益与效率的统筹兼顾等。通过"宿迁医改"与"潞河托管"的现实案例对比,佐证了上述方案的必要性与可操作性。     

新闻场与社团组织的权力冲突与对话

新闻生产的社会学分析,除了最常见的政治、经济等视角外,在社会结构转型的现代社会体系中,尤其需要关注各种社会性组织的影响。因为,媒体对于新闻价值和不同的非政府组织可信度的判断,会影响他们如何以及何时报道。在很多时候,这种判断是有特定语境的,往往与非政府组织独特的公共传播策略有效性相关。但结构性的变量仍然是显见的,比如媒体对半官方性质的NGO往往有较高的关注度,并且很少对这些组织提供的信息持质疑态度。     

中国非政府组织与政府合作的法治分析

首先从理论层面对法治同非政府组织与政府合作关系进行了阐述，认为法治产生和发展的根基在于国家与社会的关系，国家与社会关系的变化必将引起现有的法律制度及法治观念的变革，即需要法治秩序的变革。其次从实践层面考察分析得出，合作的现实中面临着诸多问题，其中法治环境的不足最为突出，对法制变革的诉求最为强烈。     

Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Welfare Reform in the United States on NGOs

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 dramatically transformed the structure and goals of the public welfare system in the United States. The vast body of research and evaluation generated by the 1996 welfare reforms largely overlooked nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) despite their substantial historical and contemporary involvement in the delivery of social services to low-income populations. Therefore, this paper presents a unique assessment of PRWORA's implications based on the perspective of 90 social service NGOs operating in the Detroit metropolitan area. Examination of their services, staffing, budgets, and clients reveals many changes experienced by NGOs between 1996 and 2000 related to the welfare reforms. Overall, the findings suggest an increased role for social service NGOs in the public welfare system as well as concerns regarding their capacity to adequately fulfill this growing responsibility in the future.     

New Agendas and New Patterns of International NGO Political Action

International advocacy strategies devised for the political environment in which World Bank policy is decided are often not suitable for advocacy on broader financial policy and trade issues. Advocacy in these new agendas challenges prevailing models, which depict NGOs as mobilizing powerful governments and international organizations to influence a government's behavior. The patterns of international NGO political activity are diverse, sometimes restraining the power of international rules and authorities over individual governments, and require a new or broader model