基于博弈论的电子商务信用机制分析

电子商务信用风险已成为电子商务进一步发展的主要障碍。本文从电子商务主体买卖双方的角度出发,针对其对电子商务中信用模式的选择和交易与否的决定,运用博弈论进行了分析和论述,并根据模型计算出的结果给出有效的建立良好信用体系的办法。     

Groups and individuals: conformity and diversity in the performance of gendered identities

The nature and role of social groups is a central tension in sociology. On the one hand, the idea of a group enables sociologists to locate and describe individuals in terms of characteristics that are shared with others. On the other, emphasizing the fluidity of categories such as gender or ethnicity undermines their legitimacy as ways of classifying people and, by extension, the legitimacy of categorization as a goal of sociological research. In this paper, we use a new research method known as the Imitation Game to defend the social group as a sociological concept. We show that, despite the diversity of practices that may be consistent with self‐identified membership of a group, there are also shared normative expectations – typically narrower in nature than the diversity displayed by individual group members – that shape the ways in which category membership can be discussed with, and performed to, others. Two claims follow from this. First, the Imitation Game provides a way of simultaneously revealing both the diversity and ‘groupishness’ of social groups. Second, that the social group, in the quasi‐Durkheimian sense of something that transcends the individual, remains an important concept for sociology.     

“囚徒困境”对于访谈研究初涉者的启示

从博弈的角度看，质的访谈是访谈者与被访者之间的博弈游戏，最佳策略是合作，以达成双赢。但对于访谈初涉者，在访谈过程中往往索取很多，给予却很少，结果被访者就成为受损方。不同于拔河游戏的“零和博弈”，一方的损带给另一方的是惠，在质的访谈中，这会成为两败俱伤的“负和博弈”。所以，作为一名访谈研究初涉者，务必走出访谈的“囚徒困境”，摆脱“零和博弈”与“负和博弈”，使访谈成为互惠互利的“正和博弈”。     

A chain game for distributed trading and negotiation

This position paper introduces a simulation gaming environment for enacting a production network. The environment aims to be an integrative laboratory for investigating supply networks, as well as being a versatile training tool. The primary focus is on food production networks. The environment enables a number of teams of participants, each representing one actor in a food chain, to conduct business together. The teams can have the role of auction, co-operation, wholesaler, factory, retail chain, and retail outlet. Producers and consumers are either enacted or simulated. The game leaders freely determine the products and production methods in each run of the game. The gaming environment takes performance, process and institutional aspects of chains into account. It is particularly suited for investigating issues of sustainability and trust. Currently the gaming environment is under development. The paper presents version 1B. This version can be found at http://www.chaingame.org. It runs on the Web, enabling to model distributed chains.     

博弈论视域下高校师生角色定位研究

理顺师生关系对高校和谐校园的构建以及大学生的成长成才具有非常重要的现实意义,本文基于博弈论的相关理论对师生角色定位问题进行了博弈分析,得到了那什均衡结果,并对不同的均衡结果进行了优势策略选择,从而阐述动态师生观“双主体变量说”观点的科学性和合理性。     

Measuring performance of two-stage network structures by DEA: A review and future perspective

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method for measuring the efficiency of peer decision making units (DMUs). An important area of development in recent years has been devoted to applications wherein DMUs represent two-stage or network processes. One particular subset of such processes is those in which all the outputs from the first stage are the only inputs to the second stage. The current paper reviews these models and establishes relations among various approaches. We show that all the existing approaches can be categorized as using either Stackelberg (leader-follower), or cooperative game concepts. Future perspectives and challenges are discussed.     

股市群体选择策略的会计信息披露博弈分析

从生物学理论视角分析,会计信息的披露效果是个体利益追求与限制的过程。一方面作为会计信息的生产者,上市公司希望凭借其信息优势获取筹资和继续发展的动力;另一方面,作为投资方和其他信息相关者更迫切了解信息的真实性,因此信息需求者和供给者之间的博弈过程在所难免。通过成本效益原则对供给者和需求者之间进行静态和动态博弈过程分析,能够更明晰地了解不同群体的决策依据,为提升会计信息披露质量创造良好的基础。     

翻译:非零和多人博弈

博弈论是研究决策主体的行为发生互相作用时的决策及均衡问题。现代博弈理论已广泛影响到各个学科领域。从博弈论角度,结合翻译理论,对翻译进行分析发现,翻译作为科学和艺术的统一体,是一种原文、作者、译文、译者、读者诸方的非零和、动静结合的多人博弈。作为中心主体,译者只有深入理解作者与原文,充分利用译文资源,实施多种策略,切实考虑读者受众的情况,才能使翻译成功。     

信息透明度对B2B交易场作用的博弈分析

传统理论认为,低的信息透明度不利于买卖双方之间达成交易,无法实现资源在市场中的最优化配置,而提高信息的透明度将有利于改变这一局面。本文通过博弈论方法分析低信息透明度和高信息透明度分别对传统交易场和B2B交易场的负面影响作用,认为,高信息透明度对于在线交易并非完全是一件有益之事。在此基础上,本文提出了降低高信息透明度负面影响作用的方法。     

虚拟社区成员参与动机的实证研究——以网络游戏为例

以Richard Bartle的Intere st Graph模型和Nicholas的五因素理论研究成果为基础,我们利用一对一深度访谈和焦点座谈会的研究方法,挖掘出驱动人们参与网络虚拟社区的关键动机,并发展了适应中国网络虚拟社区参与动机的量表.本研究进一步利用该动机量表进行了实证研究,通过数据分析得出了驱动人们参与虚拟社区的八大动机,它们分别为领导、沉溺、攻击与贬低、性、赚钱、角色探索、亲和以及休闲与自由.本研究还发现,成就动机和领导动机并非相互独立,他们相互融合为一个动机.