村上春树在中国--当代中国文学思潮下的村上热初探

村上春树在中国受到关注,是由于他的现实主义作品迎合了当代中国的文学思潮和价值取向.新写实主义是在现实主义基础上发展起来的一种新的创作原则.村上的作品具备了这些要素.抓住了时代的脉搏.村上是中日读者的选择,也是文学的趋向.他创造的文学世界,让我们看到了人类共同面临的困境和生命的伤口,并感动着今天所有认真思考生命、生活的人们.     

The Decoupling of Organizational Society: The Case of Norwegian Voluntary Organizations

The means, motives, and opportunity of cooperation must be present if organizations are to establish mutual ties. Public benefit and conflict oriented organizations are hypothesized to have stronger motives for cooperation than member benefit and consensus oriented groups, and organizations with broad activity scope are likely to face more opportunities of cooperation than specialized organizations. These hypotheses are strengthened by results from regression analyses. The article further shows a historical decline in both the motives and opportunities for such cooperation in the case of Norway through processes of depoliticization, individualization, and specialization. Thus, here, the preconditions for cooperation within organizational society are gradually deteriorating. Such developments are likely to weaken the interconnectedness of voluntary organizations and the potential micro, meso, and macro benefits of such ties.     

New venture creation in the farm sector - Critical resources and capabilities

New venture activities and diversification at farms seem to be perceived as inherently beneficial both to farmers and to rural development. However, the benefit of such efforts and the critical resources and capabilities leading to them seem not to be well understood yet. The purpose of this paper is therefore to explore critical resources and capabilities for farm businesses engaged in entrepreneurial activities through on-farm diversification. The theoretical framework builds upon the resource-based view (RBV) and the dynamic capability (DC) perspective which have emerged as significant research streams within entrepreneurship and strategic management literature. A longitudinal study of three Norwegian farms engaged in on-farm diversification was undertaken through farm visits and in-depth interviews. Analyses show that the farm setting, its traditional production, its relative location, buildings and landscape might all be important resources which add value and uniqueness to the final product that is not easily copied by others. However, in order to reconfigure their resource base and perform necessary changes these farm businesses also rely heavily on developing appropriate dynamic capabilities. The farm businesses appear active in learning and integration of external resources and knowledge, but seem to struggle on building appropriate networks and strategic alliances. Implications for policy makers and practitioners are discussed.     

从挪威的中文教学状况看海外中文教学的得与失

挪威的中文教学分官方办学和民间办学。奥斯陆大学是官方办学的代表，其成功经验是由政府资助学生到中国学习中文、充分利用多媒体教学和网络资源；不足之处是中文师资短缺、学习时间不能保证和缺少语言环境。民间中文学校的成功经验是多数学生在家庭中有较好的中文学习氛围，不足之处是师资短缺、学习时间不足、外部语言环境不好、语音受方言的影响较大和汉字书写、中文阅读和写作能力的不足。解决上述不足的方法有：积极派出对外汉语教师、加强对海外中文教学的专业性指导和教师培训、提供资金支持、大力推进汉语教学网络的建设和加强适憧海外汉语教学的教材编写工作。     

Systemic differences in views on risk: A comparative case vignette study of risk assessment in England,Norway and the United States (California)

This article examines how child welfare workers from three countries assess risk to a child in the context of different risk assessment tools, child welfare systems and welfare regimes. Previous research suggests that there are distinct differences between child protection-oriented child welfare systems such as England and the U.S., and family service-oriented child welfare systems such as Norway (Gilbert et al., 2011). We use a case vignette method to analyze how 299 child welfare workers from England, Norway and California (U.S.) assess risk. The case vignette describes the case of ‘Beatrice’, a nine year-old girl of Black African descent who was born with an organic heart disease and a cleft palate. We found that respondents from California assessed the risk to be the lowest, followed by respondents from England and Norway. The risk factors that respondents highlighted as important for their assessment also varied significantly between countries, displaying different perceptions of elements in a case constituting risk. Respondents from Norway, who, comparatively, practice within the context of the least regulated assessment platform, identified the most homogenous assessments and types of reasoning, whereas both the assessment of risk levels and identifications of risk factors were more heterogeneous among workers in England and California. We argue that the different risk assessment tools only partly influence what workers identify as risk factors in a case, and that type of welfare states and child welfare systems is also an influence. This study thus supports existing scholarship on the distinctions between child welfare systems. However, we also found significant differences in perceptions of risk factors between England and the United States.     

Digitalization,Street‐Level Bureaucracy and Welfare Users' Experiences

Internet/web‐based forms of communication have increasingly been implemented by welfare agencies. However, there have been few studies of the experiences of welfare service users and the consequences of new technology for welfare service users. To what extent is the new technology adopted by the Norwegian Welfare and Labour Organization (NAV) used, and how do the users apply and experience the new possibilities? Do screen‐to‐screen encounters replace face‐to‐face encounters, and is this trend affected by age, gender, education or type of benefit? To answer these questions, we combine survey data, short‐term fieldwork in welfare reception areas and qualitative interviews with people receiving health and work‐related benefits. Our study indicates that screen‐to‐screen interaction in general does not replace face‐to‐face encounters, as many face‐to‐face encounters are related to screen communication. However, digital competence combined with life circumstances appears to be the source of a new divide between welfare service users.     

A Demographic Analysis of Registered Partnerships (legal same-sex unions): The Case of Norway

In 1993, Norway became the second country in the world to introduce registered partnerships. As with same-sex marriages, registered partnerships give the same rights and duties as marriages for opposite sex couples, with a few exceptions. The present article describes this ‘new’ demographic event based on Norwegian experiences. Compared to the number of new cases each year of opposite-sex marriages, registered partnerships amount to less than 1%. Gay partnerships are more common than lesbian partnerships, but the proportion of female partnerships has increased since the law came into force. In one out of five partnerships, one or both partners have been previously married to a person of the opposite sex. At the time they entered into the partnership, 24% of the women and 13 of the men had at least one child. When examining the registered partnerships entered into in Norway between 1993 and 2001 we estimated the probability of divorce to be 16% after six years. We also carried out a multivariate analysis of the divorce risk and found that the divorce risk for female partnerships is double that of the risk for male partnerships. Another high risk group is partnerships between a Norwegian and a person from a non-Nordic country.Noack T., Seierstad A. and Weedon-Fekjær H., 2005, A Demographic Analysis of Registered Partnerships (legal same-sex unions): The Case of Norway, European Journal of Population, 21: 89–109.Noack T., Seierstad A. and Weedon-Fekjær H., 2005, A Demographic Analysis of Registered Partnerships (legal same-sex unions): The Case of Norway, European Journal of Population, 21: 89–109.     

Complainers and noncomplainers revisited: Another look at the data

The point of departure for the present article is previous attempts to profile complaining, dissatisfied consumers. By reviewing the previous literature, three “models” were identified: the “resource”, the “learning” and the “personality” model respectivey. An empirical test of the three models reveals only modest differences between complaining and noncomplaining consumers. Marketplace participation was found to be the most meaningful explanatory factor.     

The Challenge of Coordination in Central Government Organizations: The Norwegian Case

This paper addresses coordination problems in central government by focusing on the Norwegian case. The main research questions are: What are the experiences of civil servants concerning horizontal and vertical coordination, and internal and external coordination? What is the relative importance of structural, demographic and cultural variables for explaining variations in civil servants’ perception of coordination? The data base is a questionnaire to civil servants in ministries and central agencies in 2006. The main findings are that there are more problems with horizontal coordination than with vertical coordination; that coordination problems are bigger in central agencies than in ministries; and that a low level of mutual trust tends to aggravate coordination problems.     

中挪农产品产业内贸易实证分析

近年来,中国与挪威农产品贸易发展迅速,为进一步探讨两国农产品产业内贸易水平及结构特征,可以通过G-L指数、Brulhart指数和Thom&McDowell指数对中挪农产品产业内贸易进行实证分析,结果显示,中挪农产品整体产业内贸易水平平均值较低,且产业内贸易水平增量主要由水平型产业内贸易引起。由此提出了我国应取长补短、加强自身优势,深化农产品加工,提高农产品竞争力等发展两国农产品产业内贸易的相关策略。