巫楚文化:沈从文与屈原

楚文化的特点是"巫"。屈原是历史上楚文化的代表和传承者,近现代湘西文化作为巫楚文化的孑遗,成为沈从文创作的源头活水。沈从文和屈原在不同的历史条件下承传了楚文化,使楚文化成为不同时代人们表达文学理想的重要资源。     

《蝇王》中的人性观

威廉·戈尔丁笔下的《蝇王》为读者展示了一个主人公之间如何从开始建立一个文明组织到最后变得一片混乱的故事。在小说中，作者展示人类所具有的两种不同的个性，一个是文明的、另一个是野蛮的。威廉·戈尔丁在《蝇王》中利用背景、人物个性、和象征，详细地给读者描述了这些双面人。威廉·戈尔丁用《蝇王》告诉读者最危险的敌人是藏匿在每个人心中的邪恶，人们必须正视人性中的恶，不可忽视它。     

Phusis与Natura的词源考察与词义分析

希腊词phusis与拉丁词natura都是西方的"自然"概念,是罗马人将phusis翻译作natura。通过对二者进行词源考察和词义分析可知,它们都具有本源、存在和性质等基本含义;但是二者的词根之间和词缀之间的差异使得phusis的词义比natura更具能动性,并且phusis更倾向于意指"创造"等动作的目的,而natura更倾向于意指这些动作的结果。     

追寻遗失的美好--解读《追风筝的人》中的生态意蕴

《追风筝的人》是阿富汗裔美国作家卡勒德·胡赛尼的第一部小说。这部小说一出版便引起世界范围的关注，胡赛尼也因此获得了联合国人道主义奖。小说中不仅有感人至深的故事情节，还蕴含着作者对战争、社会和人性的思考。本文从生态批评的角度出发，揭示小说中所描绘的战争带给自然的破坏、阿富汗社会存在的问题以及由此产生的精神失衡现象，探讨其中的生态意蕴，探寻作者独特的生态伦理思想。     

The Aversion to Tampering with Nature (ATN) Scale: Individual Differences in (Dis)comfort with Altering the Natural World

People differ in their comfort with tampering with the natural world. Although some see altering nature as a sign of human progress, others see it as dangerous or hubristic. Across four studies, we investigate discomfort with tampering with the natural world. To do so, we develop the Aversion to Tampering with Nature (ATN) Scale, a short scale that is the first to directly measure this discomfort. We identify six activities that people believe tamper with nature (geoengineering, genetically modified organisms, pesticides, cloning, gene therapy, and nanoparticles) and show that ATN scores are associated with opposition to these activities. Furthermore, the ATN Scale predicts actual behavior: donations to an anti-tampering cause. We demonstrate that ATN is related to previously identified constructs including trust in technology, naturalness bias, purity values, disgust sensitivity, aversion to playing God, and environmental beliefs and values. By illuminating who is concerned about tampering with nature and what predicts these beliefs, the ATN Scale provides opportunities to better understand public opposition to technological innovations, consumer preferences for “natural” products, and strategies for science communication.     

On Schelling＇ s View of Art and Nature

艺术与自然的关系,一直是西方古典美学中一个争论不休的问题。从古希腊到近代德国的美学家们都曾加以思考,并提出了不同的看法。作为德国古典美学代表人物之一的谢林,对艺术与自然的看法与他对艺术本质的理解是一致的。他反驳了两种流行的观点,并提出自己的独特理念。谢林的看法,与康德和黑格尔有所不同。谢林的论述,对我们今天认识艺术与自然、人与自然之关系仍有借鉴意义。     

试论社会主义核心价值构建的人性维度

市场经济负面影响的日益显现及西方所谓普世价值的冲击，使不少国人陷入价值错乱、虚无的状态，亟待对其加强价值引导。社会主义核心价值的提出及构建可谓正当其时。价值与核心价值的构建，必须遵循人性维度。运用理性思维去把握人性，形成科学的人性理论，并将其付之于现实生活予以检验，把握人性的真实，才能为核心价值构建奠定人性的坚实基石。     

Thinking about biology and culture: can the natural and human sciences be integrated?

Genomic analyses have shown that only 1.2 per cent of the genome is devoted to protein coding sequences (the most commonly invoked definition of genes), and that much of the remaining sequences are employed in regulation – that is, in responding to signals, first, from the immediate environment of the DNA, but ultimately from the distal environment – from the cytoplasm, from the environment outside the cell, and finally, from the environment beyond the organism. Such signals are not restricted to the simple physical and chemical stimuli that impinge directly on the DNA, on the surface of the cell, or even on the body as a whole: organisms with central nervous systems have receptors for forms of perception that are not only more complex but far longer range. Humans have especially sophisticated perceptual capacities, enabling them to respond to a wide range of complex visual, auditory, linguistic and behavioural/emotional signals in their extended environment. Research has recently begun to show that responses to such signals can extend all the way down to the level of gene expression. The question is this: to what extent are we witnessing (at last) a rapprochement between the natural science of biology and the human sciences of sociology and anthropology, and to what extent do the new promises of synthesis merely reflect an expansion of older reductionist aims, threatening once again to marginalize rather than incorporate the insights of cultural analysis? As in my earlier discussion of the nature/nurture debate (2010), my focus will be restricted to the Anglo-American context.     

意识形态之争探赜

伴随着阶级和国家的产生,关于意识形态的争论从来没有停止过。意识形态之争的表象是话语权、信奉者和影响力、感召力的争夺;意识形态之争的根基源于意识形态的科学性、传播方式和经济基础;意识形态之争的实质归于阶级和国家利益的维护。当前,认清意识形态争论的表象、阐明意识形态争论的根基、揭示意识形态争论的本质对于我国主流意识形态的建设具有重要意义。     

基于动物秉性的人生启示*

动物和人一样，也具有不同的秉性。以动物喻人，自古即有。从辩证的角度看，动物秉性自然有好的一面，也有坏的一面。这里我们借助动物思考人生，专门探讨动物秉性中一些好的品质，狗-无比忠诚；猪-难得糊涂；狼-勇敢合作的典范；牛-勤劳奉献精神；狐狸-聪明智慧的象征；龟-勤恳踏实的榜样。可见，动物的许多秉性亦给人生带来诸多的启示，值得人们以思考和学习。