Designing Distribution Systems to Support Vendor Strategies in Supply Chain Management*

The interactions among a firm's distribution strategy, market share, and distribution costs are an important consideration in the design of supply chain networks. However, these interactions are largely ignored by existing distribution system design methodologies, which assume demand is constant regardless of the firm's distribution strategy. This paper describes a multidisciplinary framework that considers these interactions in the design of “profit maximizing” distribution networks. The framework employs two major decision support methodologies: (1) binary logit models for estimating market share considering various demand-influencing parameters such as product price and distribution service, and (2) a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for finding optimal distribution network designs. We applied the framework to an actual design problem facing a national distributor of industrial chemical products. The test results verify the framework's large-scale capability and the potential benefit of the integrated solution methodology.     

资源环境与城乡规划管理专业人才培养模式创新的研究

构建高校创新人才培养模式是变革教育观念,应对知识经济挑战的必然选择。要建设好＂资源环境与城乡规划管理＂专业,我们应该做到积极应对,通过教育思想、教育形式和教育方法的根本性变革,努力培养适应社会需要的应用型专业人才。     

A collective model for female labour supply with non-participation and taxation

This paper presents a collective discrete-choice model for female labour supply. Preferences of females and the intra-household allocation process are both econometrically identified. The model incorporates non-participation and non-linear taxation. It is applied to Belgian micro-data and is used to evaluate two revenue-neutral versions of the 2001 Tax Reform Act. We find small positive behavioural responses to the reforms. The reforms are not unambiguously welfare-improving. Generally, the first revenue-neutral reform (the actual reform and a household lump-sum tax) is more beneficial to females in couples than the second (the actual reform and a proportional decrease of household disposable incomes).

Market structure,bank conduct and bank performance: Evidence from ASEAN

Whether banks in a concentrated market increase their profits through monopoly pricing is a question of prime concern for antitrust policies. We explore this question by introducing the role of bank conduct into the structure–performance relationship. We apply Two-step System GMM dynamic panel model to commercial banks in the Association of South East Asian Nations over the period of 1999–2014. The results indicate that the higher profits in concentrated banking industries are partially attributable to the anti-competitive conduct of banks. These findings are robust across alternative measures of market structure and bank conduct, and different time horizons. The implications of these findings require regulators to make sure that the consolidation policy for ASEAN is achieving its purpose – i.e. financial stability – and not allowing the banks to earn monopoly rents.     

Analysis of state general sales tax policy: A complementary approach to the effects of causes and the causes of effects

Previous research and theory on state general sales tax policy provide the major factors and components of the sales tax base that affect revenue reliance and tax burden. However, previous research on general sales tax policy has concentrated on individual factors and components of the sales tax base without considering the interdependent and interrelated causes of revenue reliance and tax burden. In addition, regression-based analyses are limited in analyzing the causal conjunctures that affect revenue reliance and tax burden. Thus, this research focused on a complementary approach to the effects of causes and the causes of effects, thereby empirically examining the combined causes of revenue reliance and tax burden through a (fs) QCA analysis of U.S. state data spanning from 2007 to 2010. This study reveals that the combined causes of revenue reliance and tax burden vary as ideal types compared with the effects of real types observed in the panel data analysis. This study contributes to the current literature by examining interrelated and interdependent causal relationships with regard to revenue reliance and tax burden in a complementary manner. State governments must consider the combined effects of causal conjunctures that affect revenue reliance and tax burden.     

Ecological analysis of adolescent birth rates in Brazil: Association with Human Development Index

BackgroundAdolescent pregnancy is a multidimensional public health problem. It is known that every year in Brazil approximately 1.1 million adolescents become pregnant and around 20% of all newborns are born to teenage mothers.AimThis ecological study describes the spatio-temporal patterns of the percentages of live births to adolescent mothers between the years of 2010 and 2016 in Brazil and their associations with human development indexes in the meso-regions where they reside.MethodsPercentages of live births to adolescent mothers are the ratio between the number of live births to women aged 10–19 years old and total number of live births in each Brazilian meso-regions during the study period. A spatio-temporal Bayesian model was used to associate the percentages of live births to adolescent mothers with the human development index of each meso-region. Moran’s index was used to measure the spatial autocorrelation between the meso-regions at an aggregate level, whereas the local indicator of spatial auto-correlation measured local correlation.FindingsPercentages of live births to adolescent mothers for the whole country were 19.3% in 2010 and 17.5% in 2016. There is a heterogeneous spatial distribution pattern for these percentages, being the highest percentages in the North region (24.8% in 2016) and the lowest percentages in the Southeast region of the country (14.3% in 2016). The Bayesian model showed that meso-regions with lower human development index values have higher percentages of live births to adolescent mothers.ConclusionOur findings suggest that adolescent pregnancy is deeply associated with environmental characteristics.     

降低实体税负能否遏制制造业企业“脱实向虚”

我国制造业金融化是当下备受关注的热点问题，如何遏制制造业企业“脱实向虚”是防范化解重大金融风险、推动经济高质量发展的关键所在。本文借助2009年增值税转型改革准自然实验捕捉实体税负的外生变化，基于A股上市公司数据实证考察了实体税负与制造业金融化之间的因果关系。研究发现，增值税转型改革引发的实体税负下降显著降低了制造业企业的金融化水平；改革对于重资产企业和融资约束较小的企业影响较大，对于轻资产企业和融资约束较大的企业影响则相对不明显。激励机制检验表明，增值税转型改革相对提高了制造业企业实体资产收益率，并引导企业加大了固定资产投资和研发创新投入。本文将为政府部门制定和实施去金融化的相关税收政策提供有益参考。     

基于DEA的中国证券市场竞争力国际比较

证券交易所作为市场经济的轴心，其高效运行是经济持续健康发展的必要条件。近年来，中国证券市场不断发展，规模和竞争力都不断进步，这与其在国际化层面的落后表现不符。在Lo（2013）对全球最大45个交易所的竞争力研究的基础上，本文拓展了交易所国际化程度的指标，并且采用面板数据，针对沪深两所的竞争力变化进行深入研究。首先，本文利用2008年至2016年的面板数据和DEA-Malmquist方法研究沪深两所上市和交易竞争力的动态演变，并且给出近五年来45个证券交易所竞争力发展速度的排名。其次，本文利用2016年的截面数据和context-dependent DEA方法研究沪深两所当前的上市和交易竞争力以及国际化程度排名，并且将2013年的国际化程度排名与2016年进行对比，研究近年来我国证券市场国际化程度的变化。结果表明，与Lo（2013）的评价结果相比，两个交易所的综合排名快速提升，上交所的上市竞争力和深交所的交易竞争力已经跻身前列，但两市的发展并不平衡，尤其是上市竞争力差距明显。相对于2013年，沪深两所的国际化程度均有所提升，说明沪港通、深港通和QFⅡ等开放政策及市场规范建设措施成效显著，但总体处于落后水平，这是制约沪深交易所竞争力提升的关键要素。为了尽快打造世界一流的证券市场，实现资本强国目标，我们应该借鉴新加坡、香港、印度等市场的成功做法，重点做好去"政策市"和推进国际化两方面的工作，尤其是分红政策和股东保护监管，丰富交易品种，扩大互联互通，开设"国际板"等。相比国内外同类文献，本文创新引入了国际化程度指标，组合运用DEA-Malmquist和context-dependent DEA方法，并聚焦于国际情境下的沪深交易所竞争力动态演变和政策效应分析。     

The effects of official and unofficial information on tax compliance

The administration of tax policy has shifted its focus from enforcement to complementary instruments aimed at creating a social norm of tax compliance. In this paper we provide an analysis of the effects of information regarding the past degree of tax evasion at the social level on the current individual tax compliance behavior. We build an experiment where subjects declare their income after receiving either a communication of the average tax evasion rate (“official information”) or a private message from a group of randomly matched peers about their tax behavior (“unofficial information”). We use the experimental data to estimate a dynamic econometric model of tax evasion and find three main results. First, tax compliance is very persistent, but less so in the presence of information. Second, the higher the officially communicated past tax evasion rate, the higher the degree of persistence: former evaders are more likely to evade again (and evade more), and former compliant individuals are more likely to comply again (and, when evading, evade less). Third, when an unofficial communication of past evasion (compliance) from all their peers is received, both former evaders and compliant individuals are more likely to evade (comply) again.