学习型组织整体系统的构成及其组织系统与学习能力系统之间的关系

提出了"学习型组织的组织系统"的概念及其5个维度模型.然后,将该系统与"学习型组织的组织学习行为(能力)系统"相结合,形成了"学习型组织的整体系统",并分析了该整体系统中"学习型组织的组织系统"和"学习型组织的学习行为(能力)系统"之间的相互关系.同时,还开发了"学习型组织的组织系统问卷",采用223个企业样本数掘进行了统计检验,发现该测量问卷具有良好的信度和效度,其5个维度均与组织学习能力和组织绩效具有显著的正相关关系.     

问卷调查中的“问题”编排准则

问卷调查中的＂问题＂编排遵循一定的准则,主要是由易到难;由熟悉到陌生;先行为问题后态度问题;感兴趣的问题在前,有顾虑的问题在后;辅助性问题在前,敏感性问题在后;封闭式问题在前,开放式问题在后。     

Individualized Career Counseling Outcome Assessment: A Case Study Using the Personal Questionnaire

Career counseling has evolved to include practices that attribute a central importance to context variables and meaning‐making processes. Accordingly, there is a need for client assessment tools that consider the subjectivity and cultural specificity of clients and the interface between their work and life concerns. The idiographic assessment of outcomes, which uses individualized measures that involve clients in the definition of person‐specific items, is a promising approach. This article explores the use of the Personal Questionnaire (PQ) as an individualized outcome measure that complements standardized outcome career measures. The authors identify the factors leading to the emergence of idiographic assessment in career counseling, review existing research relevant to the need for the PQ, and present a case study of career construction counseling that illustrates how the PQ helps counselors to obtain sensitive and contextualized assessments of career counseling outcomes, guides interventions, and facilitates meaning making.     

问卷调查中情境题的应答质量及其与认知功能的关系

情境题在多个国内大型问卷调查中被用来测量受访者的主观评价标准。从设计上来说，情境题题干较长或者涉及维度较多，对受访者的认知功能要求较高，因此情境题的应答质量可能受到影响。本研究基于三个大型调查数据集（中国家庭追踪调查、中国健康与养老追踪调查、国际学生评价项目）中的10类情境题数据来评估情境题的应答质量，然后进一步分析应答质量与受访者教育水平和认知功能的相关性。研究结果显示，情境题的应答质量在不同调查的不同情境题之间有显著差异，受访者对同一情境题组内部不同情境题的打分排序与原设计意图不符的比例在2.73%到30.31%之间。进一步分析表明，情境题的应答质量与受访者的受教育水平和认知功能呈现显著的正相关性，排序不合理和应答不一致的现象更可能出现在受教育水平和认知功能偏低的人群中。因此，研究者在进行情境题的设计和分析时都应该考虑认知功能对其应答质量的影响。     

Possible reasons for tax resistance in South Africa: A customised scale to measure and compare perceptions with previous research

Tax resistance takes two major forms, namely tax avoidance and tax evasion both of which diminish a government's tax receipts. Limited research on taxpayers’ perceptions has been conducted in South Africa. A study was undertaken in order to determine the perceptions of South African taxpayers about various aspects with regard to taxation. There are no standardised scales to measure taxpayers’ perceptions. The reasons for evading taxes, however, have been explored by both economists and psychologists. This article elaborates on the design of a measurement tool for determining taxpayers’ perceptions taking previous research into account. In addition, this article assesses whether findings from the current research substantiates earlier research. The results of the current study confirmed the majority of findings from past research. The significance of this study is emphasised, in that it builds on previous research, utilising insights from several disciplines and various theoretical perspectives.     

Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity,factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised

Abstract

This study investigates the psychometric properties, factor structure and validity of the revised Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), an instrument designed to measure exposure to bullying in the workplace. By reanalyzing data based on a heterogeneous sample of 5288 UK employees, the results show that the 22-item instrument has a high internal stability, with three underlying factors: personal bullying, work-related bullying and physically intimidating forms of bullying, although the instrument may also be used as a single factor measure. Criterion validity was explored by relating the scores on the NAQ-R to a single-item measure of perceived victimization from bullying, showing high correlations with both the total NAQ-R and scores on the three factors. Targets of bullying scored significantly higher on all 22 items compared to non-targets. The NAQ-R correlated as expected with measures of mental health, psychosocial work environment and leadership, indicating a good construct validity of the instrument. Furthermore, a latent class cluster (LCC) analysis showed that the instrument may be used to differentiate between groups of employees with different levels of exposure to bullying, ranging from infrequent exposure to incivility at work to severe victimization from bullying and harassment. The more commonly used operational criteria can also be used to detect targets of bullying. Hence, the NAQ-R is proposed as a standardized and valid instrument for the measurement of workplace bullying.     

Children in families of torture victims: transgenerational transmission of parents' traumatic experiences to their children

This article details a study to test the hypothesis that immigrant children whose parents have been tortured before coming to Sweden suffer from depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress symptoms, somatisation and behavioural disorders. Fifteen families where at least one of the parents had experienced torture were compared with fifteen families from a similar ethnic and cultural background where their parents might have experienced violence but not torture. The parents were investigated using interviews, the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and Harvard/Uppsala Trauma Questionnaire (H/UTQ). The children were assessed using the DICA-interview according to DSM-IV. On the H/UTQ test, traumatised parents scored higher with respect to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, somatisation, anxiety and psychosocial stress symptoms. On the KSP, they scored higher on nine of the fifteen sub-scales. The fathers in the tortured group scored higher than their wives only on the sub-scale for guilt. According to the DICA-interviews, the children of tortured parents had more symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, attention deficits and behavioural disorders compared with the comparison group. Social workers, psy-chiatrists, psychologists and teachers need to be aware of a possible transmission of parents' traumatic experiences to their children and to develop treatment methods for children of torture victims.     

The effect of urinary incontinence on sexual functioning in turkish women of reproductive and menopausal ages

Objectives: The primary objective was to investigate the effects of urinary incontinence (UI) on Turkish women's sexual functioning. Methods: We evaluated 396 women and divided them into 4 groups: reproductive-aged women without UI (Group A), reproductive-aged women with UI (Group B), menopausal-aged women without UI (Group C), and menopausal-aged women with UI (Group D). Results: The mean Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was significantly higher and the Beck's Depression Inventory scores were significantly lower in Group A. FSFI scores showed a strong negative correlation with age and parity and a strong positive correlation with years of education. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that UI is an independent risk factor for female sexual problems.     

Does it matter how you ask? Question wording and males’ reporting of contraceptive use at last sex

This paper reports results from a unique experiment conducted in the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to gauge the effect of question format on men’s reports of contraceptive use at last sexual intercourse. Respondents received separate questions about their own and their partners’ contraceptive use or one combined question about either partner’s contraceptive use. We examine whether receiving separate questions, as opposed to one combined question, is related to higher reports of using any contraceptive method, specific methods, female methods in addition to male methods, and the number of methods reported. We find that reports of any contraceptive use at last sex and use of the most common methods, condoms and the pill, were stable across question formats. However, we find significantly higher reports of withdrawal, combining male and female methods, and multiple method use among men who received the separate-question format. We also find that characteristics of the sexual experience in question condition the effect of question format on men’s reports.     

网络媒介素养测量研究的现状分析及问卷设计

通过对网络媒介素养测量研究现状的分析,笔者提出了现阶段网络媒介素养的测量存在的问题:网络媒介素养测量研究领域和研究主体比例存在问题,包括以网络媒介素养为研究领域的文章所占比重过大和网络媒介素养研究主体所占的比例不平衡;网络媒介素养测量研究的具体内容存在问题,包括研究前提的缺失:网络媒介素养操作性定义缺失;研究题目拟定的乏味:批量复制的麦当劳化式的题目;研究方法的单一:问卷法一统天下;研究结论的泛化:研究得出的结论空泛没有针对性。最后笔者提出了测量研究生网络媒介素养的一种可能办法。