科举配额制演化的历史考察——兼论"凭才取人"与"逐路取人"之争

科举配额制度是基于公平分配举额的目的,在协调各地政治、经济、文化和教育发展不平衡的过程中逐渐演变而成。宋代科举在州府试中实行解额制,明代科举实行南北分卷制度,至清代则发展为分省定额取中制。科举取士的演化趋势是分区取人的办法越来越具体,区域配额也越分越细。实行这一制度带有优待边疆和文化落后地区的用意,有利于边远省区人文教育水平的提高,同时也在很大程度上反映了科举时代的"公正"理念。     

计算机能够思维吗?——对塞尔“中文屋论证”的分析

本文以塞尔的"中文屋论证"为切入点,通过对论证过程的分析,指出这个思想实验论证的合理和不当之处。通过对实验结论的进一步分析——意向性,提出笔者对计算机能否思维这个问题的一些看法。     

Click and mortar: Organizations on the web

The webpages of organizations are both a form of representation and a type of narrative. They entertain, persuade, express a point of view, and provide a means to organize collective action and economic exchange. Increasingly, webpages are the primary point of access between an organization and its environment. An organization's online presence offers a major new source of rich information about organizations. In this paper, we develop three perspectives on websites from an organizational point of view: as identity projects, tools, and relational maps. We draw on data from the online and offline presences of “brick and mortar” nonprofit organizations in the San Francisco Bay Area to both illustrate how a digital transformation shaped these organizations and identify a host of new methods that can be used to study organizations using webpages. Finally, we reflect on both the strengths of these new sources of data as well as possible limitations and conclude with theoretical implications for organizational scholars.     

英国师范教育的演变、特点及其对我国的启示

英国师范教育自 17世纪末正式产生至今 ,已有 30 0多年的历史。在经历了无数次的变革后 ,逐步形成了自己的办学特色。借鉴英国师范教育发展的经验和教训 ,我国师范教育改革应做到 :打破单一的师范教育体制 ,鼓励多渠道和多形式培养师资 ;改革教师在职进修制度 ;鼓励和吸引中小学积极参与师资培养的过程 ;加强师范生的教育实践活动     

Mapping semantic meaning of corporate reputation in global economic crisis context: A Slovenian study

This paper raises fundamental questions about the meaning of reputation and its measurement. It also considers the context of the recent global economic crisis, which brought about the lowest levels of trust in corporations, and a serious erosion of reputational capital of the corporations previously regarded as highly reputable. It maps out the semantic content of corporate reputation in an attempt to capture the ideas that individuals associate with this concept and to contrast it with the established standard reputational measures of reputation. The empirical part is based on semantic network analysis, a special form of social network analysis, where connections are formed by the use of overlapping concepts. The results show that there are a few strong determinants of reputation. They mainly coincide with the established reputational measures; however, some strong determinates seem to be context-specific and reflect the current global economic and financial crisis. The findings of the study correspond to the proposition in the literature that reputation is socially constructed and deliver insights into the relevance of standard and universal reputational measures.     

基于范式演进的工程项目风险分担研究

基于范式演进学说,通过对已有工程项目风险分担相关研究文献的综述性归纳,研究得出:工程项目风险分担研究的发展脉络与项目本质认知的深化具有关联性,从项目一次性特征到临时契约及社会网络的本质认知,工程项目情景下的风险分担研究呈现出范式演进的特征;技术与组织范式关注于从风险识别、评估及分配等分担过程的视角揭示其改善机理,但研究缺乏“经济人”与“社会人”假设下的分析,有悖于现实情景;而契约范式与关系范式的兴起则拓展了风险分担解释空间,揭示了社会资本、信任等关系情景或要素对风险分担的作用机理.     

从仪式到表演--恩施三岔"还愿"仪式的人类学考察

在湖北恩施三岔一带,有一种古老的还愿仪式,这种仪式保留了许多巫文化和傩文化因子.从其以祭祀为主的表演程式看,应该是处于前傩戏阶段的一种宗教祭祀仪式,对我们认识人类的早期宗教信仰无疑有活化石般的价值.然而,由于社会文化环境的变化,政府的指导,学者、文化人和媒体的介入,还愿仪式正在发生变化,从祭祀仪式向娱乐性的表演演变,其故有的文化内涵和象征也正在消失,其结果将导致民族传统文化的失真.     

胡适实验主义治学方法的形成与演化

“大胆的假设,小心的求证”是胡适实验主义治学方法的高度概括。怀疑—假设—求证是其治学方法三个最重要的构成部分。这一治学方法思路的最终确立在时间上有一形成过程,即从萌芽到试验到理论化时期。同时,在思维逻辑上是由一不自觉到自觉的过程。     

从《国语》看先秦否定副词“弗”的用法

否定副词是汉语中一个比较复杂而又争议颇多的一类词。关于先秦汉语否定副词的研究一直是汉语史研究的热点问题并从未间断过。本文以《国语》一书的否定副词"弗"为研究对象,进行专书专词的研究,以期为汉语史探索语法规律的发展流变提供特定时代可供参考的数据,更希望能对帮助澄清诸如否定副词"不""、弗"等的分歧问题有所裨益。     

从认知视角释义英语进行体的语义特征

英语进行体作为"体"的一种重要表现形式,一直以来受到语言学界的关注。体和情状密切相关,研究进行体也应从其内部情状入手,去分析进行体内在的最本质的意义。而从认知图式的角度,结合一定的原型范畴理论去释解进行体的语义实质,这种多维且全新的阐释过程将为以后进一步对英语进行体的认知研究提供一定的理据,很有探讨的必要性。