Applicability of a Neuroprobabilistic Integral Risk Index for the Environmental Management of Polluted Areas: A Case Study

Recently, we developed a GIS-Integrated Integral Risk Index (IRI) to assess human health risks in areas with presence of environmental pollutants. Contaminants were previously ranked by applying a self-organizing map (SOM) to their characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in order to obtain the Hazard Index (HI). In the present study, the original IRI was substantially improved by allowing the entrance of probabilistic data. A neuroprobabilistic HI was developed by combining SOM and Monte Carlo analysis. In general terms, the deterministic and probabilistic HIs followed a similar pattern: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the pollutants showing the highest and lowest values of HI, respectively. However, the bioaccumulation value of heavy metals notably increased after considering a probability density function to explain the bioaccumulation factor. To check its applicability, a case study was investigated. The probabilistic integral risk was calculated in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), where an environmental program has been carried out since 2002. The risk change between 2002 and 2005 was evaluated on the basis of probabilistic data of the levels of various pollutants in soils. The results indicated that the risk of the chemicals under study did not follow a homogeneous tendency. However, the current levels of pollution do not mean a relevant source of health risks for the local population. Moreover, the neuroprobabilistic HI seems to be an adequate tool to be taken into account in risk assessment processes.     

汉代乐舞风俗与汉诗

汉代乐舞风俗对本时期诗歌具有突出影响，这种影响主要表现为：汉代乐舞的娱乐功能使汉诗具有较强的趣味性，包括世俗之趣、拟人之趣、谐隐之趣、妙理之趣、逢迎之趣等；汉代歌与舞、歌与戏相结合的乐舞表演方式赋予汉诗一定的表演性，即许多汉代诗歌具有与舞蹈或百戏表演相配合的舞词或“戏”词之性质；汉人“悲歌当泣”的音乐行为方式和“以悲为乐”的歌乐欣赏风习是造成汉诗悲情美的主要原因之一。     

酒香也怕巷子深——从唐诗和笔记小说看唐代酒肆促销行为的兴起

唐代的商品经济处于恢复和发展的阶段,商品竞争日渐激烈。唐代的酒肆在面临行业内激烈的市场竞争情况下,采取了悬挂酒旗、酒幔、酒旆等广告促销与以美貌女子当垆、以酒妓佐饮助兴等人员促销的多种手段,以助其经营。这些活动多记载在唐诗和笔记小说当中。唐代酒肆的促销活动并非孤立的现象,而是当时商品经济水平提高、市场逐渐发育的一个表现。     

明初清廉教育对当前反腐倡廉教育的若干启示

明初洪武年间,朱元璋基于早年受贪官污吏欺压的切身体会和元末官场腐败的历史教训,制定了包括清廉教育、法令制度、监察监督以及严厉惩处等一系列的倡廉惩腐措施.明初清廉教育具有教育观念创新、教育形式多样、教育对象具体以及教育程序形成制度等特点.尽管采取这些措施的出发点是为了维护明朝的封建统治,且这些措施本身也存在着诸多缺陷,但其内容和方法对我们当前的反腐倡廉教育和廉政制度建设仍有积极的借鉴意义.我们当前在后备干部队伍的超前教育、增强教育内容的针对性和教育方式方法的有效性以及强化教育制度建设的强制性等方面,都可从中获得有益的启示和鉴戒.     

略论唐诗与汉语言文化

唐诗之所以繁荣，成为中华文化的一个高峰，是诗歌发展到成熟阶段的必然结果，也是汉语发展到一定阶段的自然趋势。如何读诗，如何理解诗，是探讨唐诗时所不能回避的问题。诗并不神秘，要更好地理解唐诗，必须从文化传统和汉语言特点这两方面着手。     

湖南省科技人力资源现状与使用分析

对湖南科技人力资源的分析 ;分为三个基本层次进行 :一是全省专业技术人员总量 ;二是科技活动人员情况 ;三是R&D人才资源。分别从人员的分布、结构、密度、质量以及人才使用效益等方面进行分析。     

Making ends meet: perceptions of poverty in Sweden

During the era after the Second World War, Sweden has built a welfare system based on labor market participation and income maintenance. Low unemployment and decent wages are supposed to guarantee people a labor market income or income maintenance, which in turn should provide a proper standard for everyone. However, a rapid increase in unemployment and economic problems have made the future of the Swedish welfare state more uncertain than ever. These circumstances have, among other things, led to the suggestion that Sweden should abandon the income maintenance policy and create a social policy system with the more limited ambition of guaranteeing everyone a minimum income. In that case, one central question must be answered: what constitutes a decent minimum income in today's Sweden? Where should we draw the poverty line under which people will not be forced to live? These questions are central in the current debate. The consensual poverty line method is used in this article to derive a poverty line relevant for today's Sweden. The results shows that more than every fifth household has an income below the consensual poverty line. That is, they have an income that most Swedes would argue is too low to make ends meet. The level of the consensual poverty line was compared with the National Board of Health and Welfare's guidelines for social assistance. The consensual poverty line was shown to be more generous to small households and the norm for social assistance was more generous to larger households. Finally, the expenditure for guaranteeing all Swedish household a minimum income equal to the consensual poverty line was estimated: more than SEK 25 billion per year. The results in the article casts serious doubt on the ability of the Swedish welfare state to secure a decent income to all citizens.     

唐人小说叙事意象的美学功能

唐人小说叙事意象的美学功能体现为其对叙事主题的凝聚,对叙事结构的贯通,以及对叙事节奏的调控,这一极具文化意味和美学意味的叙事方式,从另一角度呈现了唐代小说家“有意为小说”的主体创作意识。     

金初耆旧作家与庾信之比较

同为出仕北方少数民族政权的汉族作家,由南朝入北朝的庾信和由宋入金的耆旧作家的作品却有很大的不同。金初耆旧作家缺乏庾信作品中的王室情,其各自的具体处境和历史环境是其主要原因。     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。