近代中日史学者对《禹贡》“九州”名称由来的辨析——以白鸟库吉与顾颉刚为中心

作为“东洋学派”与“古史辨派”的创始人,白鸟库吉与顾颉刚都展开对《禹贡》“九州”名称由来的考证,二者在主要证据、结论、视角、考辨方式、论证层次上有明显差异。关于《禹贡》“九州”名称的产生时间,白鸟库吉认为产生于春秋时代,孔子之前,顾颉刚认为“九州说”产生于春秋中叶,而《禹贡》“九州”中九个州的具体名称产生于战国时代。白鸟库吉将《禹贡》“九州”中关于地理位置、民族疆域、人文、贡赋等记述认定为源于中国传统思想的传说,并不具有地理记述价值,顾颉刚则将其视作一个不断演化、渐趋具体化的地理学概念;白鸟库吉的考证只关注中国传统思想文化因素,完全忽视地理性因素,而顾颉刚不仅考虑到五行思想的因素,而且更多地关注地理沿革;白鸟库吉把《禹贡》“九州说”当作“尧舜禹抹杀论”的一个重要证据,而顾颉刚对《禹贡》“九州”的考证相对独立,没有较强的结论指向性。     

英国扩大留学生规模背景下的质量问题及反思

20世纪80年代以来,英国政府将扩大留学生规模作为高等教育国际化发展的重要战略政策。通过对近20年来英国留学生人数、留学生入学标准、优质学位授予比例、生师比、教育生均经费等数据变化趋势的分析,提出在这一经济利益驱动留学生规模扩张的过程中,英国留学生质量要求和标准正在放宽。如何使学生增长速度与优质资源生长速度相匹配、如何在获取短期经济效益的同时寻求高等教育长期可持续性发展的途径,是需要思考和解决的问题。     

略论英美宪法对公民人身权利的保护及对我国的启示

英美宪法比较重视对公民人身权利的保障,如对公民人身权利规定得比较全面详细,对逮捕、拘禁、拘留、搜查等措施规定了具体而严格的条件,并特别要求说明采取这些措施的理由;对公民人身权利的限制或剥夺必须遵循正当法律程序;确立了人身保护令状制度;重申了刑法或刑事诉讼法的一些基本原则等。这些"他山之石",对解决我国公民人身权利的保障问题具有一定的启示作用。     

The Experience-Earnings Profile: Productivity-Augmenting or Purely Contractual? Evidence from the UK

We test the human capital interpretation of the experience-earnings profile. Does the upward sloping portion of the experience-earnings profile reflect on-the-job training which in turn causes the experience-productivity profile to slope upwards, or do purely contractual factors determine the nature of life-cycle earnings. Herein, we provide additional evidence on the relationship between productivity and earnings by examining earnings differentials in the UK academic labor market for economists. Using a test first suggested by Mincer, we find that the empirical results are consistent with human capital theory. We find that, although the positive relationship between earnings and experience persists when individual productivity measures are included in the salary equations for lecturers and senior lecturers, the positive relationship becomes statistically insignificant when the same productivity measures are included in the salary equations for professors. For lecturers and senior lecturers, the experience-salary profile properly reflects the structure of the national pay scale rather than variations in individual research productivity. At the professor level, where individual salaries are not determined by a pay scale, the data support the human capital explanation of the positive experience-earnings profile.

Deaf access to justice in Northern Ireland: rethinking ‘Reasonable Adjustment’ in the Disability Discrimination Act

Abstract

This article provides findings of a qualitative study exploring the interactions of eight Deaf participants and one hearing ally with the justice system in Northern Ireland, where the Disability Discrimination Act requires solicitors to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ in order to provide effective access to Deaf clients. Three thematic categories emerged: (a) barriers to accessing justice, (b) work Deaf people do for access, and (c) the need to educate solicitors about access. A central strain ran through these themes: the idea that ‘reasonable adjustment’ must reflect the value of sign language interpreters in facilitating effective communication access for all the parties.     

Texting among United States young adults: An exploratory study on texting and its use within families

The current study examines general text messaging tendencies, patterns of and reasons for texting family members, and the impact of texting on familial relationships among a young U.S. adult sample. Participants were recruited through Facebook; they then completed an online questionnaire. Data from 127 young adults (men: 38; women: 87; unidentified: 2) are analyzed and compared by gender. Findings suggest that young adults text at high rates per month. Participants generally report a prompt response to texts and their ability to honestly express feelings within these messages. Results also suggest participants text family members for a variety of reasons, such as to convey information, plan activities, and engage in general conversation. Distinct gender differences, however, are evident regarding who men and women text as well as texting's effects on familial relationships. Overall, these findings expand researchers’ understanding of texting in general and its impact within the family.     

宋教仁的帝国主义论与民族解放思想

宋教仁对帝国主义的侵略特点和战争本质都有深刻的新认识.他在20世纪初敏锐地预见到国际战略格局的新变化,认为日、美、英等国在亚太地区的激烈争夺,必然导致日美之间的战争;同时剖析了欧洲德、奥、意"三国同盟"与英、法、俄"三国协约"的形成与矛盾的尖锐化.认为这必将导致世界大战的爆发.他提出,中国应该利用帝国主义之间的矛盾,配合世界性民族独立解放运动的新潮流,争取中华民族的独立与解放.     

美国政府救助无家可归儿童的机构、职能及运作分析

美国作为联邦制国家,其联邦、州及地方各级政府的权力分配是影响公共救助事业的关键因素。在无家可归儿童救助领域,美国各级政府建立起权责明确的职能部门,并通过项目管理的模式,形成了联邦政府主导、州与地方政府协调管理、非营利组织具体执行的分工协作式的无家可归儿童救助系统。美国政府在无家可归儿童救助事务方面的机构设置、项目运作、成效评估等几方面的经验值得我国在建设流浪儿童救助体系时学习借鉴。     

NGOs, Global Governance and the UN: NGOs as “Guardians of the Reform of the International System”

The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the United Nations (UN), as well as in world politics in general, is increasingly gaining the attention of scholars of international law, political science and social anthropology. Using extensive earlier research on NGO-UN relations and on the concept of global governance, it is concluded that although NGOs are becoming increasingly influential actors on the international arena, several problems impede their influence from growing within the UN. Once the inefficiencies of NGOs participation in United Nations’ bodies and institutions have been described, we propose some modalities of reform of this Organization, with the purpose of improving the involvement of world civil society in UN decision-making processes, and increasing its democratic profile. Finally, the study suggests several areas that require future research and more in-depth study in order to make predictions about how NGO-UN relations will evolve in the coming decades.