台湾高山族经济现状的分析

台湾高山族在过去的半个世纪中，经历了三个历史时期，实现了从传统的自然经济到商品经济的转变，但人均收入和生活水平依然远远不及台湾省平均水准，与一般家庭之间存在着较大的收入不平等。其主要原因在于高山族人口的产业结构相对落后和教育程度尚低，尤其是后者，更是民族经济可持续发展的决定因素。这些对于少数民族集中的西部地区大开发有一定的借鉴意义。     

关于带权Hardy不等式

本文得到了Hardy算子Tf(x)=integral from o to x f(t)dt从空间L~p(R_+,vdx)到L~q(R_+,Udx)有界的权函数对(u,v)的特征,其中1≤q相似文献   

Trends in inequality in infant mortality in the north of England, 1921–1973, and their association with urban and social structure

Summary.  The paper analyses a time series of infant mortality rates in the north of England from 1921 to the early 1970s at a spatial scale that is more disaggregated than in previous studies of infant mortality trends in this period. The paper describes regression methods to obtain mortality gradients over socioeconomic indicators from the censuses of 1931, 1951, 1961 and 1971 and to assess whether there is any evidence for widening spatial inequalities in infant mortality outcomes against a background of an overall reduction in the infant mortality rate. Changes in the degree of inequality are also formally assessed by inequality measures such as the Gini and Theil indices, for which sampling densities are obtained and significant changes assessed. The analysis concerns a relatively infrequent outcome (especially towards the end of the period that is considered) and a high proportion of districts with small populations, so necessitating the use of appropriate methods for deriving indices of inequality and for regression modelling.     

Inequality and negative income

Summary This note deals with some problems in the measurement of inequality when negative incomes are allowed. A new axiom is defined, called the Greatest Gets More axiom. Using this axiom it can be shown that the properties of some inequality measures depend on whether there are negative incomes or not. In this paper, for the intermediate measures of Eichhorn and the centrist inequality measures of Kolm a threshold value is given above which the Greatest Gets More axiom holds. I am indebted to two anonymous referees for their helpful comments.     

城乡二元结构下农村公共产品的供给困境与化解

在城乡二元结构下,与城市相比,农村公共产品供给呈现出总量不足、结构失调、供需矛盾、主体失衡的困境。造成农村公共产品供给困境的主要制度根源在于城乡二元结构,城乡二元结构既是造成农村公共产品供给事权与财权不对称的重要制度环境,又是导致市场和社会组织等多元化供给主体缺失的重要因素。因此,破除城乡二元结构,完善农村公共产品供给体制,就成为化解农村公共产品供给困境的关键所在。     

中国新农村社区空间建设策略研究

通过对中国传统农村进行的调查,我们发现典型的空间建设模式展示出原型与标志型,它们之间存在因果关系,而在城镇化和现在化影响下,空间建设模式正在逐渐消失,部分新型社区正在高速、大规模的进行整合。这些导致了地理性建设系统和生态环境的破坏。在原型理论出发,二元性特征应该与空间建设相结合,来引导传统农村空间建设模式的传播和应用,寻找新型空间发展路径。这个路径要以可持续性、可选择性和转变为基础。     

A Class of Multivariate Bilateral Selection t Distributions and Its Properties

This article proposes a class of multivariate bilateral selection t distributions useful for analyzing non-normal (skewed and/or bimodal) multivariate data. The class is associated with a bilateral selection mechanism, and it is obtained from a marginal distribution of the centrally truncated multivariate t. It is flexible enough to include the multivariate t and multivariate skew-t distributions and mathematically tractable enough to account for central truncation of a hidden t variable. The class, closed under linear transformation, marginal, and conditional operations, is studied from several aspects such as shape of the probability density function, conditioning of a distribution, scale mixtures of multivariate normal, and a probabilistic representation. The relationships among these aspects are given, and various properties of the class are also discussed. Necessary theories and two applications are provided.     

U-Statistics and Their Asymptotic Results for Some Inequality and Poverty Measures

U-statistics form a general class of statistics that have certain important features in common. This class arises as a generalization of the sample mean and the sample variance, and typically members of the class are asymptotically normal with good consistency properties. The class encompasses some widely used income inequality and poverty measures, in particular the variance, the Gini index, the poverty rate, the average poverty gap ratios, the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index, and the Sen index and its modified form. This paper illustrates how these measures come together within the class of U-statistics, and thereby why U-statistics are useful in econometrics.     

The impact of economic,social and cultural conditions on educational attainments

This paper aims at investigating the effect of Economic Social and Cultural Status (ESCS) on the educational performances of students, using two waves of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) survey of OECD (2009, 2012). The analysis is conducted at student level for all countries included in the PISA sample. The estimates are based on the Conditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), applied for the first time in the Slack Based Measure (SBM) version. This method allows a detailed evaluation of the additional effort the students should do when they are operating in an ESCS that has a comparative disadvantage. The unprecedented use of a conditional non-radial model of efficiency, provides evidences of a significant effect of the ESCS on performances, with a strong heterogeneity among students, and countries. It follows that some problems with education may not be due to the education systems themselves, but to the economic, social and cultural gaps, which determine a persistence of inequality of opportunity. Thus, public policies are needed to foster virtuous paths to reduce disparities among students with different socioeconomic background both between and within systems.     

Micro-structural foundations of network inequality: Evidence from a field experiment in professional networking

Sociological accounts of network inequality typically rely on the logic of preferential attachment, holding that individuals in a social network prefer to form ties with central rather than peripheral actors. We develop an alternative explanation for the growth of network inequality that does not require actors to have knowledge about the social position of others or to hold explicit preferences for partners based on such knowledge. Instead, we theorize that central actors benefit from being exposed to more opportunities for triadic closure, which confounds a quality- or popularity-based signal that their greater connectedness might also send. We test this prediction an observational study and a field experiment across multiple professional conferences. In the field experiment, we test whether network centrality is predictive of tie formation if the benefits that central actors receive through their disproportional exposure to second-order network neighbors are randomly suppressed. The findings demonstrate that for the same level of exposure to opportunities for triadic closure, central actors and less central actors are equally likely to be selected as network partners. We discuss how the proposed mechanism may be used to rectify social capital disadvantages among disadvantaged groups.