Gini Index Decomposition for the Case of Two Subgroups

In the framework of inequality measures decompositions, this article introduces an immediate and straightforward simplification for the Gini index when a population is divided in two subgroups. Since one of the key points in inequality analysis is represented by the role of overlapping units, a simulation study is developed in order to analyze the effects of the overlapping component on inequality decomposition. Simple expressions for the measurement of either overlapping component and inequality between are derived, which allow to correctly evaluate and compare the effects of different factors on total inequality.     

汶川大地震灾后重建过程中的城乡统筹问题研究

汶川大地震灾后重建工作任务十分艰巨,不仅要保障灾区人民的生活恢复到正常水平,避免灾区人民因灾致贫和返贫,同时,更为重要的是要利用灾后重建的契机,在科学规划的前提下为灾区经济更好发展打下良好基础.在灾后重建过程中,应根据灾区的经济发展情况、地理特征、人口居住情况等,以"人群规模居住,城镇规模建设,土地规模利用"为指导,以"人类与自然和谐共处,城市与农村统筹发展,产业因地制宜协调互动"为目标,在重建过程中推进城乡统筹工作.     

城乡居民医疗保险体系的构建——以河北省保定市为例

经过14年的改革,我国的社会医疗保险制度取得了很多阶段性的成果,与此同时也暴露了不少问题,"看病难,看病贵"依旧是目前社会各界普遍关注的话题。对城乡居民医疗保险体系的完善对策进行了探讨,认为改革个人账户资金、调整医保报销制度、推动城乡医保一体化、大力开展补充医疗与商业医疗保险、扩大医疗救助保障范围、提高统筹基金筹资水平是完善城乡居民医疗保险体系的具体措施。     

中国城镇居民家庭收入流动性及其对收入差距的影响

本文从收入位次和收入份额两个角度分析中国城镇家庭收入流动性,重点探讨收入流动性能否缓和长期收入不平等。本文提出了流动性影响长期收入不平等的测度方法,给出了家庭等值收入的估算方法,然后利用中国家庭收入项目调查（CHIPS）的四轮城镇住户数据,实证分析了城镇家庭收入流动性。实证结果表明,1993-1995年、1997-1999年、2000-2002年和2011-2013年四个阶段的收入位次流动性逐渐下降,收入位次的固化现象愈加突出;四个阶段低收入家庭的收入份额都降低了,收入流动没有缓和长期收入不平等。     

Inequality of opportunity in the United Kingdom, 1991–2008

We investigate the extent to which the tax-and-transfer system of the United Kingdom equalizes opportunities for income attainment among citizens. Within the framework of Roemer’s theory of Equality of Opportunity, and using individual data from the British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 2008, we calculate the tax rates necessary to equalize opportunities for different circumstances. We provide a ranking of these circumstances by the degree to which they influence income attainment. Although pre-fisc equality of opportunity increases over time, the tax rate necessary to equalize opportunities remains higher than the observed tax rate. Only under a relatively high labour supply elasticity the observed UK tax rate fares well in equalizing opportunities for income attainment.     

垄断、寻租、不平等与经济增长：基于中国房地业的分析

针对我国房地产行业频频爆发的征地拆迁冲突、屡禁不止的官员腐败及存在已久的房价过高问题,本文运用产业组织理论和寻租理论进行了系统的分析。在此基础上,本文认为,地方政府及相关官员强势介入房     

机会不等与收入不均:城乡家庭收入的代际流动

文章提出了机会平等的定义,并给出了二阶随机占优条件下的检验方法。在控制子女努力水平后,利用CHNS数据从代际流动的角度考察了基于家庭背景的机会不等对子女收入的影响。分位回归结果表明,随着分位数的提高,城乡子女收入差距越来越小,但由于机会不等而引起的差异却存在扩大的趋势。建议政府加强对农村教育的投入,提供更多就业培训,为农村子女的发展创造更多的机会。     

教育与收入分配差距：中国农村的经验研究

 教育作为人力资本积累的主要手段,对收入分配有着重要的影响。本文借鉴Beach提出的分位数法构建时间系列模型,利用中国农村1993-2007年的数据,从受教育水平和教育不平等程度两个方面考察了教育与农村居民收入分配之间的关系。研究表明,在中国农村,教育的不平等会加剧收入的不平等,或者说教育的均化会改善收入分配状况;平均受教育年限与收入不平等之间表现为正相关关系。这表明,当前我国农村整体教育水平仍然落后,教育对农村居民收入分配的影响模式仍处于倒U型的左边。上述结论对农村的收人分配政策与教育政策的制定和调整具有重要的含义。     

Likelihood-based approaches for multivariate linear models under inequality constraints for incomplete data

In this paper, we consider a multivariate linear model with complete/incomplete data, where the regression coefficients are subject to a set of linear inequality restrictions. We first develop an expectation/conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm for calculating restricted maximum likelihood estimates of parameters of interest. We then establish the corresponding convergence properties for the proposed ECM algorithm. Applications to growth curve models and linear mixed models are presented. Confidence interval construction via the double-bootstrap method is provided. Some simulation studies are performed and a real example is used to illustrate the proposed methods.     

关于正定自共轭矩阵的Kronecker乘积与Hadamard乘积的行列式的界限研究

本文给出了正定自共轭矩阵的Ｋｒｏｎｅｃｋｅｒ乘积与Ｈａｄａｍａｒｄ乘积的行列式的界限的不等式,推广改进了相关文献结论．