天主教会与西欧中世纪经济的复兴

因罗马帝国后期的内乱、日耳曼人大迁徙带来的长期战乱，致使西欧进入中世纪出现了土地荒芜、技术落后、经济发展长期停滞的局面，是天主教会组织带头进行农业垦殖、传播生产技术、建设公共设施，促进了经济的复兴。     

A movement of ‘subsidized capitalists’? The multi-level influence of the Bharatiya Kisan Union in India

This paper investigates the relationship between the state and India's rural informal sector by focusing on the collective mobilizations of middle-sized agricultural producers in Western Uttar Pradesh. These cultivators are involved in an economic sector which is at the same time capitalist, largely informal but also, to some extent, state-regulated. Through their mobilizations organized by the Bharatiya Kisan Union (BKU), they have attempted to influence state regulation of agricultural markets, obtaining increased input subsidies and better procurement prices for their produce, and thus an increase in the rates of return and profitability of their farming activity. The paper conceptualizes the modality of production of these farmers as ‘subsidized capitalism’, alluding to the self-employed and self-funded producers with holdings large enough to support a pair of bullocks defined as ‘bullock capitalists’ by Lloyd and Susanne Rudolph (1987), while denoting the crucial role of public subsidies in preserving this faction of informal agrarian capitalism. The paper also points to the ambivalent relationship between the ‘subsidized capitalists’ of Western Uttar Pradesh and the state: although they seek protection from the central government in the context of globalization, they confront and contest local state institutions by deploying collective strategies to distort local regulations of agricultural markets.     

中国智慧与西方的进步

东方在公元500到1800年这一历史时期远比西方发达。东方在西方现代文明的兴起过程中起着举足轻重的作用。东方影响的来源主要是中国。具有儒道精神传统的民族正不断建立生产和技术上的国际标准,而英美民族似乎无法再与之竞争。如果西方毫不理解东方文明的深邃和博大,那么,当东方的民族从西方的扩张和侵入所带来的震惊和破坏中苏醒过来时,西方就会变得脆弱和不堪一击。西方的方式跟中国的方式相比,存在更大的局限性。西方文明的未来出路在东方。     

汉简所见西汉优抚措施

西汉的优抚措施建立在军功爵制基础上,面向全体官兵;在论功行赏的原则下,对现役军人及其家属的优抚,主要包括在给立功将士的赏赐中。政府礼葬死亡将士,抚恤其家属。戍边军人家属受到优待,有可靠充足的生活保障。西汉军功爵制有严格的等级界限,优抚措施也体现出显著的等级差别,反映了西汉社会的等级性特征。     

逍遥天地 游刃吊诡——庄子哲学思想探究

庄子的“吊诡”哲思，在于玩再矛盾。庄子以一种与西方哲学迥异的方式，诠释了人生矛盾的来源，即运用由共相概念组成的人类言语去分析说明共相之外的人世万象，必然招致逆理、误谬；庄子通过玩味言语来运行矛盾，倡导众生直面人生的思想困境，以悟觉天地原道、人生常情。庄子的这种思维方式，不仅体现了中国哲学的特质，而且也为西方哲学突破固步自封的逻辑推理范式，提供了一种新的进路。     

论国外公平分配理论与实践对我国的启示

十七大以来，政府的执政中心日益向改善民生倾斜，体现在收入分配问题上，就是从追求效率优先向缩小收入差距、促进社会公平上来。在推进收入公平分配的过程中，理应大胆吸收与借鉴国外优秀的理论成果与成功的实践经验，以求事半功倍，以达社会和谐。     

重构人文学科和人文素养

在全球化的"现代性"的影响下,人们的生活和思维模式发生着变化,人们试图或实际上已经把人文学科边缘化了,人文精神、人文素养逐渐在失去,反观中国与西方的人文传统,并非如此。重构人文学科和人文素养需要世界性、全球性的广阔视野,以跳跃的方式抓住几个时空连接点探讨下去。     

Age at First Marriage and Age at Death in the Lincolnshire Fenland, 1252–1478

In five Lincolnshire villages between 1252 and 1478 there is evidence that men and women married fairly late before the Black Death, and that by 1348/9 the Western European marriage pattern of late and prudential marriage was well established. Households were usually nucleated; husbands were on average eight years older than their wives before 1348/9, and five years older after 1348/9. Marriages were short: according to the best calculation shorter before 1348/9 than after, most often terminated by the death of the first husband, and were unlikely to produce more than three children. Since there were more males than females amongst children and young adults, many men remained unmarried, but since the death rate of women was very high, men lived longer.     

日本“江户锁国论”质疑

“江户锁国论”在日本史学界流传已久 ,然而这种表述并不符合历史事实。江户幕府“锁国”的目标仅仅在于铲除危害其统治的天主教信仰。关于德川幕府的禁书政策是“锁国体制”下全面抵制西洋文化的重要一环的说法也是一种误解。历史事实是 ,在江户时代 ,除与天主教有关的汉译西书 4 8种之外 ,有关西方的书籍大量流入日本 ,从而促发了日本人学习西方近代科学和社会思想的兰学运动。江户时代 ,除抵制天主教之外 ,不但没有割断与世界的联系 ,而且吸收了大量的西方近代文化。“江户锁国论”的传统认识影响了人们对江户时代整体评价的客观性     

从西方人的“消极面子”看中西文化及其礼貌言语差异

针对Ｂｒｏｗｎ和Ｌｅｖｉｎｓｏｎ提出的以自由为核心的“消极面子”概念，对中西文化及其礼貌言语现象作对比分析后可见，就Ｂｒｏｗｎ和Ｌｅｖｉｎｓｏｎ的“消极面子”概念而言，中西文化及其礼貌言语存在着较大差异，无法用某种统一的标准来衡量。