试论激励在思想政治工作中的运用

调动人的积极性是思想政治工作的重要任务。行为科学的激励理论包括需要理论、期望理论、双因素理论、公平理论、工作内容丰富化理论等，从社会心理方面去调动人的积极性，拓宽了思想政治工作的新思路。     

First Nations and community economic development: a case study

A training project in a northern Canadian community providedan opportunity to examine participatory planning approachesand the meaning of work in First Nations communities. Focusgroups conducted three years after the unsuccessful interventionof a community economic development (CED) project suggest thatcomplex factors such as lack of support from community leadersand rate of pay for workers determine whether CED is alwaysappropriate in northern, First Nations contexts.     

Is there a field of social work?: Trainees evaluating social problems and social work

My aim was to study the experiences and priorities of two age groups of social work students practicing in client-centered social work. This article is based on the research on rationality and language games in social work. The target groups of the research project as a whole were the actors: the heads and social workers or activists in public social welfare and health care agencies and institutions and in voluntary associations and action groups, and finally, two subsequent classes of students from a school of social work, during their practicing periods. This article concentrates on the trainees. At first, the trainees wrote essays and kept diaries. Secondly, they marked their standings on graphs visualizing different types of information contents and social relation structures. Thirdly, they made their choices of reasons for and solutions to social problems on a problem wheel. The trainees' study, using different data gathering techniques, partly confirms the results of the research of the other actor groups, in which the data were derived using questionnaires and interviews. The trainees' study shows variation in the respondents' priorities within and between specified social problem categories. Qualitatively analyzed, however, the characterizations of social work, both those who currently act in and those aiming to enter this field, resemble one another.     

《史记》与《淮南子》

《淮南子》是汉代黄老道家著作，它对《史记》的影响主 要在思想方面。《淮南子》在构建天人古今知识体系、对待先秦诸子的思想方法、倡导法与 时变、礼与俗化、主张审微、重时等一系列问题上，给《史记》以深刻启示。《淮南子·天 文训》与《史记·天官书》之间也存在着学术联系。     

从权力本源看刑事侦检关系

侦检关系是我国刑事司法程序改革面临的重要问题。检察权的本源是公诉权,侦查权是公诉权的必然发展。世界范围内的侦检关系表现出在职能分工上的相对独立性、在实际运行中的紧密合作性和在发展趋势上逐渐走向一体化等特征。我国现有的侦检关系在司法实践中存在错位现象,应从侦检督导型改革出发,以侦检一体化为目标重构我国的侦检关系。     

Making the Best of a Bad Job? Female Part‐Timers’ Orientations and Attitudes to Work

This article uses data from 50 qualitative interviews with female part‐time workers in low‐level jobs in Britain to illustrate their attitudes, orientations and aspirations towards paid work. The research reports two main findings. Firstly, even female part‐time workers at the bottom end of the occupational structure are not a homogeneous group of workers. Secondly, they are not all highly satisfied with their jobs. The article argues that many women (especially those in working‐class households) still do not have a genuine choice between ‘family work’ and ‘market work’. It concludes by presenting a theoretical model of orientations to work.     

Using a computer simulation game to teach family time use concepts

A computer simulation game designed to give students insights into family time use concepts has been used in an introductory family resource management class at Ohio State University and other universities. The game allows for planning for time use changes over the family life cycle. The game can give students insights into economic and sociological models of time use. It is possible that future versions of the game could be used in family counseling.His research interests include derivation of optimal decision-making rules for families and family financial management.Her research interests include financial management over the life course including financial ratios, baby boomers, and retirement. She received her Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management.His research interests include the time trade-offs made between couples, financial planning over the life cycle, and the interaction of time and money between families and their home-based businesses. He received his Ph.D. in 1993 from The Ohio State University in Family Resource Management.     

乡村治理中的体制性空转——基层形式主义的成因与破解

基层形式主义成为困扰乡村工作的顽疾。长期以来,农村基层工作遵循“事本主义”逻辑,国家在基层领域以有限的形态存在,基层具备内生秩序生成能力,形成诸如“小事不出村,大事不出乡”的矛盾化解方法。近年来,随着“三农”工作的总体形势变化,基层工作越来越大程度地纳入到国家统一治理的范畴,乡村治理活动的制度外空间被压缩,乡村治理逐步进入到体制化管理。乡村治理走向规范化、制度化和程序化,一方面消除了体制外运作的不规范现象,同时也带来了基层形式主义弊病。推动乡村治理现代化,不是要回到传统治理方式,而是要寻求乡村治理体制与乡村治理需求的再次匹配。     

Professor mom: Woman's work in a man's world

This essay identifies parallels between the traits assigned to gender work roles and the teaching/research division of labor at research universities. The character and definition of undergraduate teaching at research universities is very similar to what has often been described as women's work.     

Homework and domestic work

This study assesses two competing theories about the extent to which homework—paid work in the home—helps integrate work and domestic roles for men and women. Contrasting male and female homeworkers with their counterparts working outside the home, it supports some aspects of both the resource and role overload theories, but predominantly the role overload perspective. Homeworkers, especially in the working class, experience less interference between job and family life, but perform more housework and child care. They have no more leisure time nor greater marital satisfaction than those working outside the home, but receive more family assistance with their paid jobs, suggesting that they combine tasks from their first and second shifts. Working at home does not break down gender roles in domestic life. Despite time saved from commuting, male homeworkers perform no more housework than comparable men working outside the home. Thus, the gender division of unpaid household labor is not simply a matter of resources or spatial logistics.An earlier version was presented at the meetings of the Eastern Sociological Society, Providence, Rhode Island, April 1991.