面向角色的多agent 工作流模型研究

目前的工作流建模工具大多是面向活动、面向产品、面向目标或面向决策的,没有强调工作流是多个角色主体协作的过程,工作流的绩效最终依赖员工及其角色的作用.从角色及其合作的角度,分析了面向角色的工作流模型及其表示方法,为工作流的管理提供新的思路.在此基础上,研究了角色、agent和工作流的关系,给出了一种面向角色的工作流多agent管理系统模型和原型.     

Modeling stereotypes and negative self‐stereotypes as a function of interactions among groups with power asymmetries

Stereotypes is one of the most researched topics in social psychology. Within this context, negative self‐stereotypes pose a particular challenge for theories. In the current work, we propose a model that suggests that negative self‐stereotypes can theoretically be accounted for by the need to communicate in a social system made up by groups with unequal power. Because our theory is dynamic, probabilistic, and interactionist, we use a computational simulation technique to show that the proposed model is able to reproduce the phenomenon of interest, to provide novel accounts of related phenomena, and to suggest novel empirical predictions. We describe our computational model, our variables' dynamic behavior and interactions, and link our analyses to the literature on stereotypes and self‐stereotypes, the stability of stereotypes (in particular, gender and racial stereotypes), the effects of power asymmetries, and the effects of intergroup contact.     

基于委托代理理论的会计信息失真问题研究

会计信息失真问题越演越烈,并且已成为一个世界性难题。可靠性、真实性、相关性是会计信息质量的生命,但一系列会计舞弊行为的发生已篡改了会计信息的本来面目,会计信息"诚信工程"摇摇欲坠。造成会计信息失真的原因有很多,就此,我国也采取了相应的措施予以治理,但效果并不显著,往往是治标不治本。本文从产生会计信息失真问题的根源出发,重点剖析了在以委托代理理论为根基的现代股份制企业中会计信息失真的原因,并提出了提高委托代理制度下的会计信息质量的相应对策。     

A Polynomial Optimization Approach to Principal–Agent Problems

This paper presents a new method for the analysis of moral hazard principal–agent problems. The new approach avoids the stringent assumptions on the distribution of outcomes made by the classical first‐order approach and instead only requires the agent's expected utility to be a rational function of the action. This assumption allows for a reformulation of the agent's utility maximization problem as an equivalent system of equations and inequalities. This reformulation in turn transforms the principal's utility maximization problem into a nonlinear program. Under the additional assumptions that the principal's expected utility is a polynomial and the agent's expected utility is rational in the wage, the final nonlinear program can be solved to global optimality. The paper also shows how to first approximate expected utility functions that are not rational by polynomials, so that the polynomial optimization approach can be applied to compute an approximate solution to nonpolynomial problems. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the polynomial optimization approach extends to principal–agent models with multidimensional action sets.     

Impatience versus Incentives

This paper studies the dynamics of long‐term contracts in repeated principal–agent relationships with an impatient agent. Despite the absence of exogenous uncertainty, Pareto‐optimal dynamic contracts generically oscillate between favoring the principal and favoring the agent.     

信访制度下村干部的多重身份和生成逻辑

村干部因直接接触上访群体和落实信访政策而成为信访研究热点。多数研究文献对村干部的定位是上访事件筛选者,忽视了村干部在信访制度中的多重身份。在转型时期的信访制度下,村干部不仅是沟通“国家—社会”的双向代理人:既协助国家维持基层稳定又嵌入乡村社会关系网络中;而且可能成为上访制造者:或因侵害村民合法利益使自己成为信访事由,或因治理需求和私利驱动参与村民上访。这些都表现出信访场域中村干部的身份的复杂性,其生成与“国家—社会”的结构夹缝、信访制度的刚性和资源下乡的拐点密不可分,分析这三重逻辑有助于全面理解基层官员与制度运作之间的互动和乡村治理权力再生产的过程。     

基于不同法人治理结构的烤烟专业合作社绩效评价

利用陕西省安康、商洛和宝鸡3市38家烤烟专业合作社的调查数据,基于不同法人治理结构视角,运用层次分析法构建绩效评价指标体系对两种不同类型的烤烟专业合作社进行实证分析。研究结果表明:38家烤烟专业合作社可以根据法人治理结构的不同分为“外部委托代理人型”与“内部委托代理人型”两种类型。“外部委托代理人型”烤烟专业合作社在社员人数、理事会核心成员构成比例、股权集中程度及监督力度等法人治理结构方面具有明显的优势,在吸纳了更多的农户入社、提高烤烟专业合作社经济收益的同时,也保证了绝大多数农户在股权分配、民主决策参与及合作社监督等方面的权利。这有利于基层民主的完善,有利于显著提高烤烟专业合作社管理效率,从而提高农户整体烟叶生产水平。因此,改善法人治理结构是促进农民专业合作社发展的重要途径。     

民事诉讼代理视野下的“草根律师”制度——以成都地区为例

民事诉讼代理制度作为现代民事诉讼制度中的一项重要制度，是法律面前人人平等原则的重要体现和保障。但是在我国农村劳动力向城镇转移、劳动纠纷增多的时代背景下，我国民事诉讼代理制度日益暴露出一系列的问题。课题组通过大量的实证调研，拟从民事诉讼代理制度的基础理论出发，结合我国目前农民工维权的实际，在理论上初步构建“来自于农民工，服务于农民工”的“草根律师”制度，解决有关农民工劳动纠纷案件中的诉讼代理难的相关问题。     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

无纸化条件下的证券法律关系分析

证券无纸化后,证券法律关系发生了很大的变化。无纸化条件下证券的主要法律关系可以概括为＂四方主体＋三大法律关系＂。投资人与发行人间的法律关系因持有模式的不同而相异;发行人、投资人与证券登记机构之间的法律关系分别为证券登记法律关系和证券存管法律关系,随着中央证券登记结算机构的出现,证券登记和证券存管逐渐趋同;投资人与证券经纪商（直接中介商）之间的关系总体上是一种民事代理关系,这些关系的具体内容由当事人之间的约定和有关法律法规等规范性文件的规定共同确定,具有约定性和法定性双重属性。