中国古代"阴阳"物质观形成初探

"阴阳"物质观念的形成经历了原始阴阳观念、气分阴阳观念和科学阴阳观念三个历史阶段,中国古代贤哲制造了土圭、阳燧等工具并进行了长期的高山探索,证明了阴阳现象的物质基础.     

韩亚航空事故承运人责任的管辖权探讨

1999年《蒙特利尔公约》为国际航空运输中承运人责任的确定提供了统一的实体法规则。公约确定了5种管辖权,如何在其中做出选择不仅关系着诉讼能否顺利展开,也可能对最终的诉讼结果具有重要的影响。结合韩亚航空事故的具体情况,对旅客一方可援引的5种《蒙特利尔公约》管辖权进行逐一分析,指出死伤的中国旅客将很难依据公约在美国提起诉讼。     

遇难船舶避难准入法律问题研究

现行国际法体系下,关于遇难船舶是否有权进入沿海国水域避难,难以得出明确结论。国际海事组织在避难地问题上做出了巨大努力,但脱离避难准入权的单纯避难地的存在并不具有实质意义。鉴于绝对的避难准入权与国家主权原则存在直接冲突,遇难船舶避难问题更现实的解决路径是提高国际船舶标准及提倡船籍国承担责任原则,而非创设一种绝对的避难准入权。在国际法上对遇难船舶避难准入缺乏统一标准的大背景下,我国宜采取个案分析的方式,对具有污染威胁的遇难船舶进入我国水域进行适度干预。     

多中心治理视阈下的PM2.5治理模式建构的思考

雾霾空气中存在的PM2.5 严重威胁公民的生存,引发全民对其高度关注与讨论.从公共管理角度思考PM2.5 问题背后隐藏的深层次问题.新兴的多中心权力理论为“公地悲剧”的治理开辟新的道路,并彰显着单中心权力难以企及的优势.从制度建立、相互监督、可信承诺三个维度,探讨多中心治理模式解决PM2.5 的制度保障.探索性地提出PM2.5 问题的多中心治理架构,并提出具体的解决措施.     

A Generalization of Geometric Brownian Motion with Applications

Although geometric Brownian motion has a great variety of applications, it can not cover all the random phenomena. The purpose of this article is to propose a model that generalizes geometric Brownian motion. We present some interesting applications of this model in financial engineering and statistical inferences for the unknown parameters.     

Functional principal component analysis for the explorative analysis of multisite–multivariate air pollution time series with long gaps

The knowledge of the urban air quality represents the first step to face air pollution issues. For the last decades many cities can rely on a network of monitoring stations recording concentration values for the main pollutants. This paper focuses on functional principal component analysis (FPCA) to investigate multiple pollutant datasets measured over time at multiple sites within a given urban area. Our purpose is to extend what has been proposed in the literature to data that are multisite and multivariate at the same time. The approach results to be effective to highlight some relevant statistical features of the time series, giving the opportunity to identify significant pollutants and to know the evolution of their variability along time. The paper also deals with missing value issue. As it is known, very long gap sequences can often occur in air quality datasets, due to long time failures not easily solvable or to data coming from a mobile monitoring station. In the considered dataset, large and continuous gaps are imputed by empirical orthogonal function procedure, after denoising raw data by functional data analysis and before performing FPCA, in order to further improve the reconstruction.     

Application of a non-homogeneous Markov chain with seasonal transition probabilities to ozone data

In this work, we assume that the sequence recording whether or not an ozone exceedance of an environmental threshold has occurred in a given day is ruled by a non-homogeneous Markov chain of order one. In order to account for the possible presence of cycles in the empirical transition probabilities, a parametric form incorporating seasonal components is considered. Results show that even though some covariates (namely, relative humidity and temperature) are not included explicitly in the model, their influence is captured in the behavior of the transition probabilities. Parameters are estimated using the Bayesian point of view via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The model is applied to ozone data obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City, Mexico. An analysis of how the methodology could be used as an aid in the decision-making is also given.     

基于FLOTRAN的燕尾形导轨气浮平台结构设计

闭式燕尾形导轨是常见的静压气浮导轨结构形式之一,其燕尾角度将直接影响导轨的承载能力,为保证设计的燕尾形导轨能满足工作要求,本文通过建立燕尾夹角在55°~70°范围变化的气膜有限元模型,以承载力和刚度作为主要性能指标,对导轨承载能力进行分析.通过分析发现:导轨垂直方向总承载力随着燕尾夹角θ的增大而增大.研究结果表明燕尾夹角θ=66°时,单边导轨垂直方向的承载力为87.26N,刚度为33.69N/μm,能较好地满足承载和工作要求.     

Emploi des jeunes et inégalité des chances: en quoi le monde arabe est-il différent?

Le marché du travail du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord se caractérise par un chômage des jeunes généralisé et par un nombre disproportionné de chômeurs parmi les nouveaux diplômés. À partir des enquětes du BIT sur le passage de l'école à la vie active menées en Égypte, Jordanie et Tunisie, les auteurs regardent si cela tient à l'inégalité des chances ou à des caractéristiques structurelles induisant des discordances entre offre et demande de travail. Les principales explications seraient le faible nombre d'emplois qualifiés disponibles et le peu de valeur accordée aux qualifications acquises dans le système de formation professionnelle.     

两岸航空区际法律适用制度比较论纲

航空直航是两岸经济文化交流的重要路径。两岸航空法律冲突的存在导致航空直航中当事人利益保护的不确定性。当事人在发生纠纷时无法确定准据法, 难以确定其权利义务分配的法律效力。两岸航空法律适用制度的冲突加剧了实体法冲突的消极影响。两岸航空直航运输合同法律适用制度、航空器权利法律适用制度、旅客权利能力与行为能力法律适用制度及侵权法律适用制度均存在一定程度的差异, 其准据法的连接点、法律选择方法与价值考量迥异。两岸航空私法冲突属于区际法律冲突, 与国际私法冲突存在一定差别。应当制定区际私法, 以解决两岸航空法律冲突问题。