Daily moods,health routines and recovery among employees working in the retail and services sector: A diary study

This study examined the quality and fluctuation of daily moods as well as health routines and means of recovery from work strain among employees (n = 38) working nonstandard, often unpredictable schedules in the retail and services sector in Finland. Data were collected via a background questionnaire and a one-week mobile diary. The results indicated that the daily moods of employees were relatively positive but varied greatly from day to day. Hectic working days, unpredictable changes in work schedules, and compounded responsibilities at home and work were reported as causes of daily strain stemming from work. In contrast, more sleep and exercise were positively associated with daily mood and, therefore, are likely to enhance recovery from work related strain. Additional activities employees reported as useful in recovering from work strain included low-effort leisure activities along with social activities with family and friends, as well as mastery experiences stemming from successful work experiences.     

商业银行参与影子银行业务与金融风险传染——基于影子银行体系资金供给方的视角

商业银行通过通道、同业等方式参与影子银行业务，以此达到规避监管、扩张信用的目的，最终造成了中国式影子银行的快速发展。在此背景下，探究商业银行参与影子银行业务与金融风险传染之间的关系，对于明确风险传染生成机制、防范系统性金融风险具有重要意义。文章使用2007-2017年间上市金融机构的微观数据，对商业银行条件在险价值CoVaR进行了测算，并基于面板VAR模型，从影子银行体系资金供给方的视角出发，实证分析了中国商业银行参与影子银行业务对金融风险传染的影响。结果表明：影子银行对商业银行有明显的风险传染效应，而商业银行参与影子银行业务是其受到影子银行风险传染的重要原因。商业银行作为影子银行体系最主要的资金供给方，通过应收款项类投资和买入返售金融资产等非信贷科目持有的影子银行资产越多，则与影子银行具有越高的资产负债关联，将受到更高的风险传染。据此建议：应充分关注商业银行通过非信贷科目向影子银行部门提供资金的行为，同时还应加强监管协调、防范监管套利等。     

银行业协会履职行为激励约束机制研究

针对银行业协会履职行为的激励约束问题，在系统分析银行业协会履职过程中主体间关系的基础上，将会员机构与政府主管部门对银行业协会履职行为的声誉激励与监管威慑制约作用置于同一框架下研究，构建了不完全信息银行业协会履职行为激励约束多方动态博弈模型，并通过求解博弈精炼贝叶斯准分离均衡战略条件，分析并仿真研究了声誉激励与监管威慑两种激励约束机制对银行业协会履职行为的作用原理。研究结果表明，先期声誉、声誉激励、市场识别能力及远期收益贴现为声誉激励的主要构成要素，监管查处能力、监管处罚为监管威慑的主要构成要素；良好的先期声誉能够在一定程度上促进行业自律的形成，但协会负责人的固定任职期限会在一定程度上削弱声誉激励的有效作用；监管威慑在发挥自身约束作用的基础上，能够促进声誉激励作用的有效发挥，但需以畅通有效的信息机制建设为前提。结合研究结果及实际，分别从提升银行业协会内控机制建设，强化银行业信息互通机制建设及适度提升政府主管部门的监督力度等方面提出了政策建议。     

第三部门及其与相关部门比较释义

第三部门是指以服务公众为宗旨,不以营利为目的,其所得不分配给内部成员,其自身具有合法的免税资格和提供捐赠人减免税的合法地位的组织.该文重点分析了第三部门的特征以及第三部门概念与非营利部门、中介组织和事业单位等概念之间的关系以及区别,同时针对第三部门当前的状况和存在的问题,应该完善法律,放松规制;依法管理,依法监督;提高人员素质,改善经营管理等措施,以便加深对我国第三部门的再认识,促进我国第三部门健康稳定的发展.     

二十世纪美国主要教育思想流派

本文详细介绍了２０世纪美国主要教育思想流派。传统派强调教育的强制性和传统文化知识的传授;实践派注重教育的实践性;革命派强调教育的目的就是培养学生的积极的具有独立见解的人生观。本文的目的是希望我国教育界人士从他们的理论和实践中获得有益的启示。     

Intersectoral Labor Mobility and the Growth of the Service Sector

One of the most striking changes in the U.S. economy over the past 50 years has been the growth in the service sector. Between 1950 and 2000, service‐sector employment grew from 57 to 75 percent of total employment. However, over this time, the real hourly wage in the service sector grew only slightly faster than in the goods sector. In this paper, we assess whether or not the essential constancy of the relative wage implies that individuals face small costs of switching sectors, and we quantify the relative importance of labor supply and demand factors in the growth of the service sector. We specify and estimate a two‐sector labor market equilibrium model that allows us to address these empirical issues in a unified framework. Our estimates imply that there are large mobility costs: output in both sectors would have been double their current levels if these mobility costs had been zero. In addition, we find that demand‐side factors, that is, technological change and movements in product and capital prices, were responsible for the growth of the service sector.     

A Bootstrap Mechanism for Response Masking in Remote Analysis Systems

National Statistical Agencies and other data custodian agencies hold a wealth of data regarding individuals and organizations, collected from censuses, surveys and administrative sources. In many cases, these data are made available to external researchers, for the investigation of questions of social and economic importance. To enhance access to this information, several national statistical agencies are developing remote analysis systems (RAS) designed to accept queries from a researcher, run them on data held in a secure environment, and then return the results. RAS prevent a researcher from accessing the underlying data, and most rely on manual checking to ensure the responses have acceptably low disclosure risk. However, the need for scalability and consistency will increasingly require automated methods. We propose a RAS output confidentialization procedure based on statistical bootstrapping that automates disclosure control while achieving a provably good balance between disclosure risk and usefulness of the responses. The bootstrap masking mechanism is easy to implement for most statistical queries, yet the characteristics of the bootstrap distribution assure us that it is also effective in providing both useful responses and low disclosure risk. Interestingly, our proposed bootstrap masking mechanism represents an ideal application of Efron's bootstrap—one that takes advantage of all the theoretical properties of the bootstrap, without ever having to construct the bootstrap distribution.