江苏地区器官捐献态度和意愿调查及对策分析

文章调查江苏民众对于器官捐献的态度?意愿及其影响因素,并针对性地提出器官捐献事业发展的建议?本次调查共发放问卷800份,回收761份,有效问卷742份,有效率92.8%?其中,42.2%愿意捐献,47.7%赞成但不愿意自身捐献,10.1%反对捐献?女性?高学历者?了解器官捐献?接受脑死亡概念的被调查者对器官捐献的认同度高?阻碍器官捐献事业发展的因素包括相关法律法规的不完善?公民对器官分配问题的不信任?相关机构宣传工作的不到位?有针对性的宣传工作将有助于提高器官捐献工作效率;完善相关的法律法规?建立健全公平的分配系统可以促进器官捐献事业的发展?     

Online Donation Experiences,Donation Awareness,and Intention of Future Donation Among Teenagers in South Korea

Younger generations have become less likely to donate than older generations. Online fundraising might be a solution to encourage young donors. This study examines the mediating effects of online donation on the donation awareness of teenagers, as well as the pathway from online donation to an intention to donate in the future. Using data collected from 287 teenagers through an online survey, the study found that online donation experience has positive effects on the frequency of future donation, mediated by donation awareness. These results suggest that nonprofit organizations should consider online donation platforms to be important fundraising mechanisms in encouraging young donors. Future research is need in order to develop the theoretical models of online donation as well as investigate the applicability of the models, especially for young generations.     

组织内成员间知识共享的影响因素研究

采用问卷调查法对5个组织(包含270个成员)进行了调查,从知识贡献和收集2个角度探讨了知识共享系统机制.研究结果表明:个体知识共享的成本和收益因素对知识贡献与知识收集有阻碍作用或促进作用;组织情感承诺能够对外在性成本与收益因素、知识贡献与知识收集之间关系起到减弱调节作用;知识权威丧失是阻碍知识贡献的重要影响因素.     

慈善公益捐助资金的筹集与科学运行

中国慈善公益事业组织机构发展到今天,其资金筹集与运行方式正在面临一个重大的调整,即适应国际化的发展方向,对慈善公益捐助资金实行科学化管理。科学管理的任务就是对慈善公益事业机构运作实施法治化管理,依法发展慈善公益事业;要求慈善公益机构工作程序公开化;需要整合慈善公益机构,成立行业联盟,使之形成行业协会;建立慈善公益机构自律机制,包括提升慈善公益机构人员素质,提高办事效率,理清职责,建立并明确委托代理关系;监管部门必须履行职责,监管到位。     

血液：从商品到礼物——从社会政策角度讨论无偿献血制度的完善

血液作为一种资源，自从被人类认识并开发作为一种医药之后，就成为了世界上最富商机的一种商品。但由于血液质量问题及其包含的伦理价值，历来关于血液是否应该通过市场买卖的争论很多。血液作为医药与商品的历史证明：无论从血液的质量、血液的使用效率等方面看，无偿献血都是最好的制度，并且在全世界得到广泛应用。     

我院中老年教职工血脂调查报告

本文对595名40岁以上知识分子的血清胆固醇和甘油三酯进行了调查统计,其中31人为高胆固醇血症,占5.2%,104人为高甘油三酯血症,占17.5%,30人为混合型高脂血症,占5%.高脂血症的发病率有随年龄增高而增高趋势,且女性高于男性.     

有氧运动对老年人血容量和血液粘稠度的影响

采用实验对比法,探讨长期进行体育锻炼(有氧运动)对老年人的血容量(BV)和血液粘稠度(η)的影响。结果显示,安静时各指标无明显差异,但在运动后血液粘稠度显著下降,而血容量较运动前增加。     

血睾酮、皮质醇与体育运动

本文采用文献综述的方法,叙述了血睾酮与皮质醇的生理机制,探讨了体育运动对血睾酮与皮质醇影响,分析了二者在体育运动中的相互关系,旨在使有关体育工作者对血睾酮、皮质醇有更深入、全面的了解。研究结果表明:短时、高强度运动后血睾酮浓度升高;长时间运动后升高、不变或降低;中等强度,持续是时间不长的运动可使血睾酮明显升高;长时间运动使血睾酮降低。小强度、中偏小强度的训练对运动员血浆皮质醇的影响不大;中等强度训练后皮质醇明显下降;中偏大强度训练后皮质醇明显升高。在实践中可以将二者综合起来进行机能评定,通过血睾酮/皮质醇的比值变化来反映机本代谢过程的情况,通过比较运动前后二者比值的变化反馈运动量,从而用来指导运动训练。     

论王亥之死

商先公王亥在易水流域活动 ,却遭有易氏杀害。被杀原因说是他与有易女子通淫。上古男女大防原不甚严 ,但商祖玄鸟氏与有易氏存在婚姻关系 ,有易氏与王亥是血亲 ,王亥屈做“风流鬼” ,实际上是犯了乱伦罪。     

Sample Timing and Mathematical Considerations for Modeling Breath Elimination of Volatile Organic Compounds

Real-world exposure measurements are a necessary ingredient for subsequent detailed study of the risks from an environmental pollutant. For volatile organic compounds, researchers are applying exhaled breath analysis and the time dependence of concentrations as a noninvasive indicator of exposure, dose, and blood levels. To optimize the acquisition of such data, samples must be collected in a time frame suited to the needs of the mathematical model, within physical limitations of the equipment and subjects, and within logistical constraints. Additionally, one must consider the impact of measurement error on the eventual extraction of biologically and physiologically relevant parameters. Given a particular mathematical model for the elimination kinetics (in this case a very simple pharmacokinetic model based upon a multitenn exponential decay function that has been shown to fit real-world data extremely well), we investigated the effects on synthetic data caused by sample timing, random measurement error, and number of terms included in the model. This information generated a series of conditions for collecting samples and performing analyses dependent upon the eventual informational needs, and it provided an estimate of error associated with various choices and compromises. Though the work was geared specifically toward breath sampling, it is equally applicable to direct blood measurements in optimizing sampling strategy and improving the exposure assessment process.