高校财务风险的表现及成因分析

随着高等教育改革的不断深入,高等教育事业的快速发展给高校财务管理带来了极大的考验和挑战。近些年来,高校盲目的扩张、混乱的资产管理、不规范的内部控制等行为带来了巨大的隐患,高校面临的财务风险也越来越复杂。文章从管理、投资、负债的角度探讨了高校存在的财务风险,结合相关理论和数据,从管理理念、预算制度、监控机制等方面分析了其中的原因,为高校有针对性地加强财务风险管理提供了应对的策略思路。     

论"再循环物流"

从笔者创新提出的“再循环物流”新概念内涵出发,从马克思论述的“排泄物”再循环物流与循环经济的关系入手,侧重从排泄物数量、构成与经济发展规模、结构正向关系、排泄物变废为宝的再循环物流必备的3个前提条件等方面论证了排泄物再循环物流对构建资源节约型、环境友好型社会所起的“清道夫”重大战略作用,并对排泄物再循环物流“集约化”运营提出了3个对策：物流量最小化;物流运距最短化;社会公众参与的管理模式。     

基于村民自治视阈的我国农民政治冷漠问题探析

政治冷漠是农民政治参与的一种特殊方式。通过对我国农民政治冷漠的萌芽、产生和发展演变的纵向考察,分析当代农民政治冷漠在村民自治、公民社会、政治民主化等方面的消极效应,探寻政治文化、经济水平、教育状况、制度缺陷等因素在农民政治冷漠问题形成中的作用。从发展农村经济、推进农民教育、完善参与制度、创新参与形式、保障弱势群体权益等方面,寻求消解农民政治冷漠的对策。     

协商民主对预算审议的贡献:理论及实践

作为当代西方民主理论和实践的最新发展,协商民主强调公民通过自由而平等的理性对话、辩论、推理和审议等方式来参与公共生活,赋予立法和决策以合法性,从而保证公民自治和真实民主的实现。协商民主对预算审议有着重要贡献:从理论层面而言,主要表现在以宪法为中心的程序主义对公民参与预算的强调;从实践层面而言,世界各国的参与式预算实践为我国公民参与预算提供了经验范本。借鉴协商民主理论,完善我国预算审议制度,应完善以宪法为中心的法律体系和程序参与机制,落实预算公开制度,充分保障公民宪法权利的实现。     

论新生代农民工制度化政治参与的困境及路径

新生代农民工是我国公民政治参与的重要组成部分。但受物质基础薄弱、制度保障不力、政治文化落后、社会认同感不强等因素影响,其政治参与主要表现为非制度化参与。为破解这种制度化政治参与的困境,需要采取相关措施,促使新生代农民工的政治参与活动由非制度化向制度化转变。     

试论社会发展与妇女参政

女性政治参与是人类社会历史发展的必然趋势,是民主政治组成中不可或缺的部分。无论是从妇女参政的历史走向还是从社会与妇女参政的互为发展来看,推进中国妇女参与国家和社会公共事务的实效性,有利于促进女性的全面发展。     

集体性社会资本对社区参与的影响——基于多层次数据的分析

“社会资本的后果”是社会资本研究的一个重要议题。现有研究倾向于认为,中国城市社区中的集体性社会资本对社区参与具有积极的影响。本文认为,由于社会资本与社区参与都具有多个维度,两者的关系不能一概而论。基于2006-2007年在上海收集的调查数据,本研究使用多层次logistic回归模型考察了集体性社会资本对三种类型的社区参与（抗议型、体制化与公共型参与）的影响。统计结果证实了社会资本与社区参与之间复杂的联系。此外,对多层次模型的方差成份分析发现,社区社会资本可以解释60%或更多的社区间的差异。这说明,社区参与的影响因素不仅取决于居民的个人特征,还取决于居民所在的社区特征。     

Employer‐sponsored programmes for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS: Recent experience from sub‐Saharan Africa

This article examines a sample of employer programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa that supplement government efforts to prevent and treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some of these programmes provide workers with in‐house education, voluntary HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment. Others rely on new forms of employment‐based group health insurance that include an HIV treatment package. In addition, some enterprises use the workplace as a platform for launching efforts into neighbouring communities to reach spouses, children, sex workers, secondary school students and others. Early evidence suggests that employer programmes maintain the health of large fractions of workers living with HIV who are served by them. They further enable enterprises to avoid productivity losses and turnover costs associated with HIV. At the same time, they take pressure off government agencies that face demands for treatment far exceeding their capacity. The article identifies features of successful employer programmes including “elite appeal”, which mobilizes community leaders and role models to deconstruct stigma, change perceptions and call for behavioural change; and “collateral linkage”, which extends the reach of HIV workplace programmes by linking them to related community concerns: e.g. alcohol abuse, malaria and domestic violence. Looking forward, the potential for expanding employer programmes as well as the restrictions associated with the limited scale of formal‐sector employment within sub‐Saharan African economies is assessed. Actions by which governments, employer associations, trade unions and international organizations can encourage further development of such programmes and extend their reach are suggested.     

论东晋后期司马道子对寒人的任用

东晋时期门阀世族把持着国家政治命脉,占据官场要路,寒人难以跻身。但寒人从来没有放弃进入政治核心的努力,总是伺机进入政治权力中心。东晋后期孝武帝引胞弟司马道子主政,试图重振皇权,由于司马道子等人纵情享乐,朝政混乱,寒人被引入权力层,客观上对门阀制度带来冲击。     

The Changing Shape of Welfare Policy in Korea: Analysis of Break Point in the Welfare Budget

This paper aims to investigate the welfare policy change in South Korea. Based on punctuated equilibrium theory, I analyze kurtosis and break point of the distribution of variation in the general government welfare budget. As a result, the change in welfare budget levels in South Korea has been quite moderate. But two break points were set in 1977 and 1999. These cutoff points are related with the change of the Korean Welfare State and clearly distinguished from different times. That is, the characteristics of structure that were built during these two time periods have lasted until now. Specifically, the responsibility of state in welfare is narrow. And the feature of employment‐friendly welfare policy was formed in 1977. Also, the focus on livelihood security and employment in welfare spending was constructed in 1999. The analysis of budget is a useful tool in examining the policy change. We expect to find more specific characteristics of the Korean welfare state including special accounts and funds in future.