BAYESIAN SUBSET SELECTION AND MODEL AVERAGING USING A CENTRED AND DISPERSED PRIOR FOR THE ERROR VARIANCE

This article proposes a new data‐based prior distribution for the error variance in a Gaussian linear regression model, when the model is used for Bayesian variable selection and model averaging. For a given subset of variables in the model, this prior has a mode that is an unbiased estimator of the error variance but is suitably dispersed to make it uninformative relative to the marginal likelihood. The advantage of this empirical Bayes prior for the error variance is that it is centred and dispersed sensibly and avoids the arbitrary specification of hyperparameters. The performance of the new prior is compared to that of a prior proposed previously in the literature using several simulated examples and two loss functions. For each example our paper also reports results for the model that orthogonalizes the predictor variables before performing subset selection. A real example is also investigated. The empirical results suggest that for both the simulated and real data, the performance of the estimators based on the prior proposed in our article compares favourably with that of a prior used previously in the literature.     

Discrete time modelling of disease incidence time series by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

Summary.  A stochastic discrete time version of the susceptible–infected–recovered model for infectious diseases is developed. Disease is transmitted within and between communities when infected and susceptible individuals interact. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are used to make inference about these unobserved populations and the unknown parameters of interest. The algorithm is designed specifically for modelling time series of reported measles cases although it can be adapted for other infectious diseases with permanent immunity. The application to observed measles incidence series motivates extensions to incorporate age structure as well as spatial epidemic coupling between communities.     

企业发展论研究

在分析企业经济控制论系统的特征及其基本结构的基础上,提出企业经济控制系统调节控制的基本公式,阐述了企业经济系统的控制转换模型,最终提出企业发展要研究的主要问题包括企业经济系统理论研究、企业投入要素研究、企业发展经营运行研究等。     

试论我国物流企业发展战略联盟的必要性

根据现代物流的发展趋势以及我国物流企业的发展现状 ,通过对几种物流企业扩张方式的比较分析 ,得出我国物流企业发展战略联盟的必要性     

HEAVY-TAILED-DISTRIBUTED THRESHOLD STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS IN FINANCIAL TIME SERIES

To capture mean and variance asymmetries and time‐varying volatility in financial time series, we generalize the threshold stochastic volatility (THSV) model and incorporate a heavy‐tailed error distribution. Unlike existing stochastic volatility models, this model simultaneously accounts for uncertainty in the unobserved threshold value and in the time‐delay parameter. Self‐exciting and exogenous threshold variables are considered to investigate the impact of a number of market news variables on volatility changes. Adopting a Bayesian approach, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate all unknown parameters and latent variables. A simulation experiment demonstrates good estimation performance for reasonable sample sizes. In a study of two international financial market indices, we consider two variants of the generalized THSV model, with US market news as the threshold variable. Finally, we compare models using Bayesian forecasting in a value‐at‐risk (VaR) study. The results show that our proposed model can generate more accurate VaR forecasts than can standard models.     

上海旅游企业跨国经营研究

国际旅游的持续发展为上海旅游企业的跨国经营提供了良好的外部环境,服务贸易的国际化为上海旅游企业跨国经营提供了宏观经济条件。上海旅游企业应具有实施跨国经营战略过程中的主导思路。     

国有企业人力资源管理的改革策略

进入知识经济时代，人力资源成为企业的第一竞争要素。国有企业应该通过建立现代企业制度、科学客观的考核评价机制和有效的组合激励机制，制定和推进职业生涯计划、科学的选人用人制度，塑造良好的企业文化氛围等六个方面改革现有的人力资源管理模式。     

论新文学思潮与新文学流派的动态关系

新文学思潮与新文学流派之间因果莫辨、源流纠缠的动态关系 ,充分证明了近百年来新文学思潮与新文学流派本身非线性、非对称的生存状态。所谓非线性与非对称 ,其实质就是不稳定性和不成熟性 ,它们直接制约着新文学近百年发展进程 ,使之在历时态和共时态上始终呈现出某种程度的不良生存状态和发展趋势。     

基于知识链的管理

论述了知识链的有关概念和特点,通过分析以往的知识链模型,提出了改进的知识链模型;对知识链管理的机制进行了分析;从控制论的角度,对知识链内部知识成长的机制进行了分析,并指出知识链内部知识转移的影响因素,为知识管理的发展提供了一定的理论依据。     

ERP在我国企业管理中的应用探讨

介绍ERP的内涵及其发展,分析我国企业应用ERP的现状及存在的问题。提出企业应转变观念,面向供应链管理和业务流程重组,以及人力资源管理在ERP实施过程中的重要性。