水稻生长的化控技术

在我国农业现代化过程中,运用植物生长调节剂调控植物生长的化控技术已经越来越多地发挥它的作用。对不同作物及同一作物的不同生育期,所使用调节剂的种类、数量、方法均有不同变化。化控技术与良种、栽培融合形成的化控高产栽培技术体系,将推动我国农业生产再上一个新台阶。     

化学工程学研究进展与展望

化学工程学经过多年的发展,现已形成一个体系完整、研究内容丰富、研究方法先进的工程技术学科。在新的世纪,伴随着化学工程学科的发展,化学工业将会给人类创造出更多的物质财富,对社会作出更大贡献。     

热水锅炉供热系统的技术改造及应用

冬季采暖热水锅炉，效率不高和尾部受热面腐蚀现象比较严重，针对15 t的XL900-13/95/70-AⅢ型热水锅炉进行了分析，并制定了相应的节能技术改造措施，在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

高纯度Cr26Mo钢焊缝的力学和耐碱蚀性能

本文用钨极氩弧焊附加氩气延续保护的焊接方法对高纯度 Cr26Mo 钢进行可焊性研究。检验焊缝质量和力学性能,用失重法和电化学方法测试焊缝在阿蒙古天然碱苛化烧碱的高温浓碱液条件下的腐蚀行为,确定了腐蚀速度,评定了耐蚀性等级。观察焊缝金相组织,分析焊缝区碱蚀表面的腐蚀形态,判别力学性能试样的断口形貌特征和断裂类型,并鉴定了腐蚀过程中所形成的保护膜和沉淀物的形貌和晶体结构。表明该钢焊缝有较好的力学性能和耐内蒙天然碱苛化烧碱液的性能。     

Credibility, Information Preferences, and Information Interests

The Seveso Directive of the European Union demands that information be provided to the public by companies and authorities about facts, risks, and behaviors related to hazardous facilities, in particular chemical facilities. On behalf of the Commission of the European Communities, a survey was run in five European countries on the credibility of various information sources. This article describes the results of the German study. 430 persons were interviewed with a questionnaire of 50 items, in particular about their perceptions and evaluations of technical risks, the credibility of sources of information about chemical risks, their preferences for receiving risk information from these sources, and their interests in receiving information. Major findings are great differences in credibility, differentiated information preferences, and strong information interests. Surprisingly, credibility played only a minor role with regard to the respondents'information preferences and interests.     

灾时危化品事故危机信息管理体系及其运行机制研究

灾害引致的危化品事故危机管理是一个多环节、多变量的复杂工程,其重要进程是对事故危机信息的管理。而要有效实现对灾时危化品事故的危机信息管理,必须建立科学的运行机制。文章运用系统性演绎分析方法。通过对危化品事故的灾时成因、次生灾害特性以及造成的应急负荷进行了分析研究,构建了灾时危化品事故危机信息管理体系,并提出了过程嵌入、信息融合以及学习分享的三大运行机制,以期实现该体系的高效运转。     

《化工容器设计》教学改革与探索简

《化工容器设计》是过程装备与控制工程专业的核心课程之一,其教学目的是培养学生具有进行化工容器工程设计的初步能力。研究提出了精选基本内容、扩充设计方法,增设反映现代科学技术成果、最新科学研究成果的教学设计项目等教学内容改革;用现代科学技术和手段改造传统授课理念、增加应用计算机教学以及激发培养学生创新思维等教学方式改革。运用改革的教学内容和教学方式,教学效果得到了明显的提高。     

"重化工业阶段"是否不可逾越?

先行和新兴工业化国家20世纪的发展经验与20世纪中后期经济学理论的演进都表明,在各国工业化进程中,国民经济结构并不存在所谓"重化工业阶段",因此更谈不上该阶段的逾越问题.同时,具体国情也决定中国不可能通过依靠资本积累和资源投入的粗放增长模式来实现工业化.中国一些地方政府之所以通过配置资源来扶持重化工业的发展,主要是由于在现行资源定价机制、财税体制和政绩考核指标的基础上,地方政府和重化工企业在利益上存在一致性.因此,在新的发展阶段,中国需要着力解决增长模式问题,通过进一步深化行政体制改革、完善社会主义市场经济,走"新型工业化道路",确保工业化顺利实现.     

Decisions,Science, and Values: Crafting Regulatory Alternatives Analysis

Emerging “prevention‐based” approaches to chemical regulation seek to minimize the use of toxic chemicals by mandating or directly incentivizing the adoption of viable safer alternative chemicals or processes. California and Maine are beginning to implement such programs, requiring manufacturers of consumer products containing certain chemicals of concern to identify and evaluate potential safer alternatives. In the European Union, the REACH program imposes similar obligations on manufacturers of certain substances of very high concern. Effective prevention‐based regulation requires regulatory alternatives analysis (RAA), a methodology for comparing and evaluating the regulated chemical or process and its alternatives across a range of relevant criteria. RAA has both public and private dimensions. To a significant degree, alternatives analysis is an aspect of product design; that is, the process by which private industry designs the goods it sells. Accordingly, an RAA method should reflect the attributes of well‐crafted product design tools used by businesses. But RAA adds health and environmental objectives to the mix of concerns taken into account by the product designer. Moreover, as part of a prevention‐based regulatory regime, it implicates important public values such as legitimacy, equity, public engagement, and accountability. Thus, an RAA should reflect both private standards and public values, and be evaluated against them. This article adopts that perspective, identifying an integrated set of design principles for RAA, and illustrating the application of those principles.     

浅议医学院校化学教学改革的必要性

为了提高高等医学院校学生学习化学的兴趣，培养学生宽厚的知识面。笔者以医学院校的特点及化学教学中普遍存在的问题为出发点，讨论了如何通过教学改革的方法在基础教学中缩短教与学、理论与实践的距离感，激发学生学习化学的积极性、主动性，并结合自身教学经验对医学院校化学教学改革的必要性进行详细论证。