喧哗与骚动中的成长危机--论“文革”童年叙事的人文反思

在由“五四”发端的现代童年书写进程中,集中而深刻地表现童年成长危机的是以“文革”为历史背景的童年叙事。这类书写立足于个体意识和生命意识,着意于揭示童年生命在无理性的政治喧哗的历史年代中的成长困境并凸现其内在的骚动和迷乱,从一个天真而又不乏智性的维度深入拓展了关于“文革”的历史反思和主体生成的道德与人性关怀层面。     

民国时期对欧美近代幼教思想中"教"功能理念认知的引述

民国时期,欧美近代幼教思想中有关“教”功能理念的认知开始通过各种途径引述进入中国。这些理念既包括对幼教思想中“教”功能的内涵、对象与目的的理解,而这种理念是递进性的;也包括新兴的儿童学运动对于“教”功能理念的支撑。这些理念关注欧美近代心理科学的进步对欧美近代幼教“教”功能理念的提升作用。欧美近代幼教思想中“教”功能理念在民国的引述具有阶段性,呼应了当时中国幼教面临的三大客观诉求,丰富了民国幼教思想的内涵,促进了近代学前教育思想在中国的传播。     

没有儿童的儿童史(上)——对近代中国儿童史研究的回顾与反思

近代中国儿童史研究内容分四个方面,一是儿童被教育,包含国内教育、留美教育、相关人物思想及童子军等;二是儿童被保护,相关研究主要集中在儿童保育、难童、溺婴及童工等;三是儿童被认知,主要包括文学、书刊出版及儿童观等;四是儿童自身的研究,主要有学界对儿童的行为、事务的研究和成人的童年记忆叙述。比之于儿童被教育、被保护、被认知,有关儿童自身的研究太过单薄,不可相提并论。没有儿童的儿童史,准确地击中了近代中国儿童史研究的要害、薄弱之处。强化儿童自身研究,是近代中国儿童史学界的努力所在。     

Sexual Dysfunction,Paraphilias and their Relationship to Childhood Abuse in Men who have Sex with Men

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to examine 1) the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions and paraphilias and 2) the relationship between childhood abuse and current sexual disorders in a MSM sample. Participants were MSM in the Midwest who completed baseline surveys prior to attending a sexual health seminar. Most men reported a sexual dysfunction or paraphilia. Thirty-nine percent of the sample reported childhood abuse. Results indicated childhood abuse was associated with a significant increased risk of male erectile disorder (OR = 1.83) and secondary sexual dysfunction (OR = 2.01). The intent of the study was to generate hypotheses to guide future research efforts.     

The Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Other Forms of Childhood Adversity on Adulthood Parenting

This study investigated the independent impact of child sexual abuse on five dimensions of adulthood parenting after controlling for other forms of childhood adversity in a predominantly African-American sample of mothers receiving public assistance (N = 483). An analysis of data previously collected as part of the Illinois Families Study Child Well-Being Supplement was conducted to address these questions. Data were analyzed using hierarchal multiple regression. Childhood sexual abuse survivors reported significantly lower rates of parental warmth, higher rates of psychological aggression, and more frequent use of corporal punishment than mothers who had not experienced childhood sexual abuse. These effects, however, were nonsignificant when sociodemographic factors and other forms of childhood adversity were considered. Implications for future research are provided.     

Abuse and Parental Characteristics,Attributions of Blame,and Psychological Adjustment in Adult Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of abuse and parental characteristics on attributional content and determine the relative contribution of different attributions of blame in predicting psychological symptomatology among adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. One hundred eighty-three female undergraduates with a history of childhood sexual abuse completed self-report questionnaires. Abuse characteristics were significantly related to attributions. Family- and perpetrator-blame accounted for significant variability in psychological symptomatology, beyond the contributions of abuse characteristics, family environment, and self-blame. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.     

Treating Juveniles in a Sex Offender Program Using Adventure-Based Programming: A Matched Group Design

ABSTRACT

This case describes bodily experiences that appeared to cue child sexual abuse memories during psychotherapy by a woman who was amnesic for her childhood and suffered from chronic dissociative states. Though corroboration was unavailable, she became increasingly confident about her returning memories. Special efforts were made to avoid making suggestions. The article proposes the theory that integrates the construct of the self with the relationship between bodily experiences and memory narratives. It suggests that: (1) amnesia and recovering memories involve normal and abnormal memory mechanisms; (2) remembering during psychotherapy is complex; (3) psychotherapy need not be suggestive; (4) inaccessible memories may act as constraints on suggestibility; and (5) narrative recall may depend on the connection of bodily experiences with self-reflection.     

Perception vs. Circumstances of the Child Sexual Abuse Event in Relation to Depression and Post-traumatic Stress Symptomatology

The study examined the impact of the circumstances of childhood sexual abuse on post-traumatic stress symptoms and depression among female adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. The sample consisted of 225 Israeli women divided into two groups according to the identity of the perpetrator (nonfamily perpetrator versus a family member perpetrator). A self-report questionnaire was used consisting of the following scales: demographic variables, the Traumatic Events Questionnaire, Childhood Sexual Experiences Scale, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale, and Depression Scale. The findings indicated that the identity of the offender significantly differed between groups only if intercourse had occurred. Women who experienced coerced intercourse scored significantly higher on depression and post-traumatic stress compared to those who experienced other forms of childhood sexual abuse.     

Child Sexual Abuse and Women's Sexual Health: The Contribution of CSA Severity and Exposure to Multiple Forms of Childhood Victimization

Research studies have provided increasing evidence for the potential adverse impact of child sexual abuse on women's sexual health. The present study examined the association between child sexual abuse and sexual health while controlling for various forms of childhood victimization. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 889 young women from the province of Quebec. Results suggest that child sexual abuse survivors were more likely to report having experienced other forms of childhood victimization than were women without child sexual abuse. Women with a history of both child sexual abuse and multiple forms of victimization were at greater risk of experiencing more adverse outcomes, including risky sexual behaviors, sexual problems, and negative sexual self-concept. Regression analyses revealed that child sexual abuse was significantly related to indicators of sexual health outcomes even when controlling for the effect of single forms of victimization. Clinically, interventions optimizing sexual health may be particularly helpful for a subgroup of child sexual abuse survivors.     

Childhood Sexual Abuse Severity Reconsidered: A Factor Structure of CSA Characteristics

To address the lack of empirically grounded measures of childhood sexual abuse severity, a survey of self-report items was developed following a thorough review of the childhood sexual abuse literature. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data collected from a convenience sample of college students that included 275 females and males with a history of childhood sexual abuse. The solution produced seven factors interpreted as the following: (a) less intrusive forms of childhood sexual abuse (e.g., sexual invitations, kissing), (b) more intrusive forms of childhood sexual abuse (e.g., oral sex, intercourse), (c) humiliation/fear, (d) childhood sexual abuse involving photography, (e) familiarity with the perpetrator, (f) physical force/rape, and (g) active digital penetration. Correlations among these factors further suggested the existence of two relatively independent second-order factors, one based on the levels of physical intrusiveness and the other composed of the psychological/emotional factors. While arguably the most common measurement of severity, physical intrusiveness had little association with critical factors such as humiliation, fear, and association with the perpetrator. Consequently, physical intrusiveness appears to be an inadequate stand-alone measure of childhood sexual abuse severity. These results are proposed to lay the groundwork for an improved, more comprehensive measure of childhood sexual abuse severity.