我国环境民事公私益诉讼的并行与融合

当前,在我国法律体系内环境民事公私益诉讼采用了并行模式。并行模式关注于环境公共利益与私人利益的差异性,从而进行有针对性的利益维护。这虽然看似诉讼目的明确,符合环境权益救济需求,但其实际忽视了环境的整体性特征,不但不利于案件事实的梳理,而且容易造成司法资源的浪费甚至可能出现相互矛盾的裁判。面对并行模式存在的弊端,我国部分学者提出了强制合并、混合并存、另赋实体请求权、诉讼信托、诉讼担当等环境民事公私益诉讼的融合模式,上述模式分别从诉的合并和诉讼实施权融合两个方面对融合方式进行了探讨,但是其中仍存在当事人诉讼选择权忽视、公私益失衡以及责任重复认定等问题。随着生态文明建设的不断推进,人们对美好生活的需要促使更多的人开始关注环境质量,环境公益诉讼的数量日渐增多。基于环境问题的关联性、潜伏性特征以及环境侵害发生的阶段性机理,环境诉讼中环境公共利益与私人利益的交叉使得环境民事公私益诉讼的融合成为应然趋势。在尊重环境整体性特征的基础上,以追求环境公共利益与私人利益的平衡为原则,结合我国实际,以具备中国特色的检察制度作为枢纽,充分利用检察机关的监督权以及环境民事公益诉讼起诉权,构建环境民事公私益诉讼的新融合模式,将有利于诉讼目的实现。新融合模式强调发挥检察机关的公益诉讼效能,争取将同一事实产生的公私益诉求在同一时段提出,并依据诉的合并将两者合并审理,继而,在进行责任认定时,关注公私益交融之处,实现责任公平分配。新融合模式尊重了当事人的诉讼权利,避免了责任的重复认定,节约诉讼资源的同时提升了诉讼效率,不失为环境民事公私益诉讼的理想选择。当然,该模式尚处于理论初探阶段,要想真正具备实践性还需要在自诉讼制度、监督机制以及协作配合等多个层面进行建设构想,从而为环境诉讼的进一步研究奠定基础。     

简论民事诉讼处分原则之立法模式

处分原则是最能反映民事诉讼特色的基本原则。由于诉讼传统、理论以及观念的差异,各国关于处分原则的立法并不一致,主要有三种模式：大陆法系的＂处分权主义＂、英美法系对抗制下的处分原则、苏联的＂职权干预式＂处分原则。其中,大陆法系的立法模式为中国进一步改革与完善处分原则提供了一个好的范例。     

论民事诉讼程序中的个人主体性——以程序利益与程序主体的关系为视角

国家主体型、国家—个人主体型和个人主体型三种不同类型的程序主体性,反应了诉讼程序从国家控制到个体的人的自由的发展趋势。现代诉讼程序强调程序主体的个人主体性,个体的人应当成为程序独立的自主、自在性主体,这就需要其在诉讼程序中具有独立的属己利益支撑。民事诉讼程序应当淡化国家色彩,以个人的程序利益保障为基点,实现个人的独立性程序地位,进而使民事诉讼程序获得真正的独立性。     

我国民法基本制度生态化探究

生态文明时代要求法律制度进行不同程度的生态化.在各种法律制度生态化历程中,民法制度的生态化起着相当重要的作用.民法基本制度的生态化是民法生态化的重要内容,它包括人格权制度的生态化、物权制度的生态化、合同制度的生态化、侵权责任制度的生态化.这其中,环境人格权是人格权制度生态化的主要内容；生态性用益物权是物权制度生态化的重要组成部分；环境物权交易合同是合同制度生态化的主要方面.以损害风险预防、现实损害救济赔偿、恢复责任承担为切入点,采用无过错责任与过错加重责任并用的原则,贯彻环境损害全程监管与责任追究的理念,对环境污染与生态破坏的源头与过程实行全面的控制与追责是侵权责任制度生态化的基本要素.     

Diaspora and Development? London‐based Nigerian Organisations and the Transnational Politics of Socio‐economic Status and Gender

Diaspora organisations are increasingly being lauded as important actors in the development of their communities and countries of origin. Focusing on London‐based Nigerian organisations and their interventions in Nigeria, this article assesses the particular claims that diaspora organisations reach, benefit and ‘empower’ women and ‘the poor’ at ‘home’. It argues that, while many London‐based Nigerian organisations do connect with and support these groups, they often do so in ways that reinforce rather than transform established gender relations and socio‐economic inequalities. If international agencies are to support the progressive potential of the organised diaspora, it will be necessary to acknowledge the alternative and socially mediated ways in which development might be imagined and enacted both in diaspora and at ‘home’.     

中韩网络实名制之精神分野与网络管理理念更新

网络实名制身份验证制度的技术性、工具性以及伦理特性压缩了实名制的功能。中韩实名制规范意旨以及社会功能存有分野。韩国实名制旨在治理“恶意回帖”、“网络恶搞”等网络暴力行为，以净化信息网络环境，增进社会福利。我国网络实名制作为转型中国的一种社会现象，不仅对网络形成一定的行政约束力，也反映了公共领域对公共决策等行政活动之监督以及回应。韩国过分倚重实名制之工具性价值、伦理导向却在黑客技术面前不堪一击，引发大规模个人资料外泄，也加深了源起于科技负效应的社会、文化裂痕。我国应调整规制网络暴力之逻辑思路，即加强民事立法的赋权，从个人数据资料保护的角度进行制度建构，在一些需要更多技术营养的社会领域发挥实名制之工具性价值。而对网络市民社会的“声音符号”以及“决策监督”，我们要有更多的远见，以宽容、保护、引导其发展。当法律遭遇新兴科技冲击，人们不仅要处理科技与法律之关系，更要关注科技、法律以及文化三者之间的对话与博弈。     

基于创新型人才培养的《土木工程材料》课程教学模式探究

创新型人才的培养是当前高等教育所面临的紧迫问题。结合土木工程专业《土木工程材料》课程的教学,围绕创新型人才培养目标,从教学理念、教学方式、教学方法以及实践教学等方面进行了一定的探索与实践,从而为探索创新型人才培养的教学模式提供了启示。     

Bayesian averaging of classical estimates in asymmetric vector autoregressive models

The estimated vector autoregressive (VAR) model is sensitive to model misspecifications, resulting to biased and inconsistent parameter estimates. This article extends the Bayesian averaging of classical estimates, a robustness procedure in cross-section data, to a vector time-series that is estimated using a large number of asymmetric VAR models. The proposed procedure was applied to simulated data from various forms of model misspecifications. The results of the simulation suggest that, under misspecification problems, particularly if an important variable and moving average (MA) terms were omitted, the proposed procedure gives robust results and better forecasts than the automatically selected equal lag-length VAR model.     

Support for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights: Development and Examination of a New Scale

This research outlines the development of a psychometrically sound, uni-dimensional scale to assess support for gay and lesbian civil rights. Initial scale development involved examining item-pool responses from 224 undergraduate students. The resulting Support for Gay and Lesbian Civil Rights (SGLCR) scale consisted of 20 items. In a series of studies, the SGLCR demonstrated a stable factor structure, strong internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. The relationships between SGLCR scores and participants' sex, religiosity, political ideology, gender role beliefs, and attitudes toward lesbians and gays were significant and in the predicted directions.     

From advocacy to service provision: state transformation and the disability rights movement in Taiwan

This research uses the development of the disability rights movement in Taiwan as a case study to analyze the impact of state transformation, in particular marketization of social welfare policy, on the disability rights movement. First, the institutionalization of the disability rights movement enabled it to expand its organizational structure and become involved in shaping policy. Secondly, when disability rights organizations started to undertake state-funded projects, their focus shifted from advocacy to service provision. Thirdly, competition for limited state-funding gave the organizations led by urban-middle class advocates a significant advantage over small, community-based NPOs and gathered significantly greater resources. Finally, this paper suggests that, in a context in which the state did not provide basic social services for its citizens with disabilities, the institutionalization of SMOs turned advocacy groups into service providers. Although the number of disability civic organizations increased, the voices of advocacy groups were weakened.