Left Behind by Parents in China: Internal Migration and Adolescents’ Well-Being

This study investigates how growing up as a left-behind child due to parents’ labor migration in China is associated with adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional development, based on data from the China Family Panel Studies. We find that adolescents do worst when both parents are absent in all developmental indicators we examined: short-term and long-term word recall tests, numeracy test, self-concept, and self-expectation of educational attainment. However, the differences between left-behind children and those in rural two-parent families are not statistically significant. Left-behind adolescents do have significantly lower well-being than those in urban two-parent families. These differences can largely be accounted for by father's education, family spending on the adolescent's education, quality of parenting, and the social support available to an adolescent. The gap in Chinese adolescents' development is, thus, not so much related directly to how many parents one grows up with as it is to whether one grows up in a rural or urban environment.     

Embedded counselling in advisory work with clients in debt

This article addresses the potential for embedded counselling in social work with clients in debt. It is based on experiences from Sweden where budget and debt advisors employed by the municipalities give assistance to clients in financial difficulties. A distinction is made between advice and guidance on the one hand and counselling on the other. As the financial problems often have been long lasting, it is not enough with one-time advice that the client hopefully then follows. The purpose of the article, thus, is to explore the possibilities of incorporating counselling in the role of the advisor.     

Accounting for the Performance of Environmentally Significant Behavior: The Symbolic Significance of Recycling

The scientific community has pronounced climate change unequivocal and its consequences disastrous. Yet Americans' behavioral response to the global social problem of environmental degradation has been largely confined to the individual act of recycling. This article examines why Americans are not doing more to address climate change and other environmental issues. Taking a cognitive sociological perspective, I describe how Americans think about environmental issues and pro‐environmental behavior. I draw on Swidler's concept of a “cultural tool kit,” to examine the cultural narratives Americans use to account for the small amount of pro‐environmental behavior they perform. The act of recycling functions as a synecdoche for pro‐environmental behavior in general, allowing individuals to over‐claim the significance of a modest amount of pro‐environmental behavior. I argue that Americans' failure to engage with environmental issues at a collective level is rooted in the individualized culture of American environmentalism.     

Birth preference in women undergoing treatment for childbirth fear: A randomised controlled trial

Background

Childbirth fear is the most common underlying reason for requesting a caesarean section without medical reason. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to investigate birth preferences in women undergoing treatment for childbirth fear, and to investigate birth experience and satisfaction with the allocated treatment.

英语动物名词“动用”的转喻认知理据

名词“动用”是一种常见的语法现象，体现了人类基本的转喻思维模式。从概念转喻的视角研究英语动物名词动用的认知修辞效果，可以更好地揭示该语言现象产生的认知机制，为进一步探究词类转换的认知理据提供新的视角。     

不同性质汉语隐喻句认知加工的fMRI研究

有关隐喻认知研究的一个核心问题是:隐喻加工机制与一般言语理解相比是否具有独特性以及隐喻理解伴随的神经生理机制是否有其独特的模式? 对此问题的回答需要对隐喻性质进行区分。常见的熟悉隐喻可进一步区分为词源性隐喻与引发性隐喻,其中词源性隐喻的隐喻义属于词语多个词义中的一个延伸义,而引发性隐喻则是将两个分属于不同概念领域的概念进行非字面的语义联结。词源性隐喻句和引发性隐喻句的理解包含了与一般语义句理解不同的加工内容。相比一般句,词源性隐喻句特异性地激活了与语义竞争相关的左侧颞中回、颞上回以及与加工深度有关的额下回,而引发性隐喻句则在左侧额下回有更多激活。隐喻的内在加工过程和神经机制并不单一,探讨隐喻理解与一般语义理解的异同需要考虑具体的隐喻性质。     

农户和农业主体对土地承包经营权抵押贷款政策的态度

一项政策的实施效果与主体看待该政策的态度密切相关。研究1基于1 002份有效问卷,引入态度的三维度模型,将农业主体对土地承包经营权抵押贷款的态度分成认知态度、情感态度与行为态度。结果显示：主体对土地产权的认知存在一定的偏差,对贷款政策的认知程度不高;对政策具有较高的满意度,认为能在一定程度上缓解资金难问题,增加农业收入;但利用政策贷款意愿度并不高。研究2基于857份农户和145份农业新型经营主体有效问卷,选用态度强度以及态度中心性,对农户与新型经营主体态度进行差异性分析。结果显示：农户与农业新型经营主体在态度强度与中心性上均存在不同程度的差异性。态度强度上,行为强度差异显著,认知强度部分显著,情感强度不显著。中心态度上,农户的中心态度是认知态度,而新型经营主体是情感态度。此外,对农户与新型经营主体贷款意愿进行关联性分析,发现影响贷款意愿的态度具有差异性。可见,农户与新型经营主体态度差异是影响贷款受益群体不均衡的原因之一。     

“顽疾”还是“误诊”？产业扶贫“内生动力不足”问题探究

产业扶贫中“内生动力不足”是阻碍脱贫攻坚获胜的难题。以豫北黄河滩区Q乡为例,对扶贫项目运营情况进行长期调研,深度剖析“内生动力不足”产生的根源。调研发现,产业扶贫项目的自然风险、市场风险、道德风险与政治风险是影响贫困户“内生动力不足”的重要因素,认知评估理论与资源保存理论能有效揭示项目风险影响贫困户“内生动力不足”问题的内在作用机理。贫困户会对项目风险进行全面评估,认为凭借自身资源无力应对,同时为避免自有资源遭受损失,进而对扶贫项目表现消极,产生“内生动力不足”问题。为此,从健全防御配套设施、避免官僚逻辑、弱化精英偏好、人才培养与引进等方面化解项目风险,是提升贫困户“内生动力”、促进产业扶贫项目可持续发展的有效措施。     

大学生认知方式与德育方法的优化

认知方式划分为场依存和场独立两种类型,大学生认知方式与德育方法实施产生的效果有相关性。笔者认为应构建"以人为本"的德育方法论体系,根据大学生不同的认知方式采取分类指导原则,实施相应的有针对性和实效性的德育方法。     

试论"以人为本"的汉语历史词汇研究

面对个体数量众多、情况极度复杂的古汉语词汇系统,根据语言事实调查和认知语言学理论,从“以人为本”的研究思路出发进行汉语历史词汇学研究,首先对围绕人体部位及其各种重要经验而形成的概念基础之上的词汇加以研究,进一步研究这些词汇指称功能的扩展情况,将是一项十分重要的研究工作。