湖南村落经济发展问题及政府职责

村是我国农村社会的基本单位,村落经济在中国传统农村社会一直扮演着重要的角色,但村落经济在建国后尤其是改革开放后才得到真正发展。目前,湖南村落经济发展呈现的特点是:村落经济以集体经济为主,多种经济成分并存,村集体经济实力薄弱;村落经营方式以家庭经营为主;农户以种植业为主;村落非农产业迅速发展;村落经济发展越来越超出村落范围。发展湖南村落经济需要政府有所为,做好规划、引导、支持、保护等工作,各级政府应各司其职。     

Collective empowerment: A comparative study of community work in Mumbai and Stockholm

Mumbai and Stockholm are worlds apart in terms of public services, infrastructures and standard of living. However, both cities have known common problems of social exclusion and marginalisation related to neo‐liberal globalisation. Social workers are facing similar challenges regarding collective empowerment as a strategy for community work. This comparative study explored how collective empowerment is undertaken by community workers. The research participants were 13 informants from community‐work organisations in the two settings. Semi‐structured interviews were used and were analysed with the help of Atlas‐ti 6.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH D‐10623 Berlin Germany). Social work in Mumbai is in a context of extreme poverty and mainly within the informal sector, whereas in Stockholm most social work is done in relation to a public welfare model. In Stockholm, interventions are aimed towards strengthening social networks, without direct aim at social change. In Mumbai, community workers organise people for collective empowerment to strengthen marginalised groups and achieve social change.     

Child Rights Practice among the Indigenous Communities in Bangladesh

The objective of this article was to explore the practice of child rights among the indigenous communities of Bangladesh. We used a mixed method approach to collect data from four ethnic communities in the Bandarban District of the Chittagong Division in Bangladesh. We questioned children, parents, community members, local leaders, and service providers of those communities on a number of child rights issues, for example, child education, child labor, child recreation and culture, parents' guidance to children for capacity development, and access to child rights at home and in the community according to Convention on the Rights of the Child treaty. The results showed that while the community was aware of child rights, financial vulnerability and a lack of social support meant that these rights could not be upheld in practice. The paper urges improvement of social support, including income generation activities for indigenous communities.     

Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to Predict Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents in Disadvantaged Communities

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to predict the positive and negative affects of emotional and behavioral difficulties among adolescent boys and girls aged between 14 and 21 years living in disadvantaged communities. A total of 316 adolescents—181 boys and 135 girls—living in the Seri Pantai and Pantai Ria Public Housing Projects in Kuala Lumpur were invited to complete the questionnaire. The results showed that conduct and peer problems were the most prevalent emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced by these adolescents. As expected, the emotional symptoms were more common among the girls than the boys. A further analysis showed that emotional symptoms, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were predictors of the negative affect of emotional and behavioral difficulties while negative emotional symptoms and high hyperactivity were predictors of a positive affect. The findings suggested that three subscales of SDQ are required to produce a negative affect, and two subscales of SDQ for a positive affect.     

走向法庭还是走上街头：超越维权困境的一条行动路径

制度外抗争与制度内法律维权有着显著不同的结果和制度逻辑。现有文献中的“依法抗争”或“以法抗争”可以通过制度外或者制度边缘的集体行动获得政府及时的反应,但却有着多重困境：机会困境、风险困境、组织困境、制度困境。制度内法律维权可以很大程度上破解这些困境,但也有着该模式下独特的结果困境：费时费力而又缺乏即时直接的回报困扰或者阻碍制度内法律维权者去为了获得长期的有益于整个群体的普遍性制度化后果采取行动。但本研究中的业主维权行动在一定程度上破解了这一困境。他们的制度内维权行动让法律在实践中最大可能地运转了起来,从而超越了传统维权的困境。独特的政治机会结构和制度内维权本身所具有的特征,促进一些群体走向法庭,而非走上街头。     

贫困地区环境制约下的商业模式创新——基于武陵山片区的案例研究

在贫困地区竞争环境和制度环境约束下企业存在两类商业模式创新--利用型创新和探索型创新,而采用不同创新模式的企业在商业模式创新方面存在异同。利用型创新企业倾向于开发外部市场,而探索型创新企业则是在注重本土市场的前提下再逐步向外部拓展;利用型创新企业倾向于将当地居民当作生产者和合作者,而探索性创新企业更倾向于将当地居民当作生产者和消费者。此外,利用型创新和探索型创新企业均在积极寻求政府相关部门的帮助,发展同其他非市场参与者的非正式连接;并通过雇佣当地村民,开展慈善活动等方式加强企业同当地居民的非正式连接,以提高企业的合法性及竞争优势。     

汽车社会交通问题及共同体合作治理思路

中国汽车社会进程中交通发展面临诸多难题,如交通拥堵、交通污染、能源紧缺、交通事故频发等,必须积极寻找有效的交通治理思路。通过对交通共同体文化形成的理论分析发现,汽车社会创造了新的交通共同体,共同善是其基本目标。通过对英美交通治理实践的比较分析发现,其成功之处在于共同体治理模式:政府主动谋求与企业、民间组织等社会力量的合作,交通民间组织非常发达。分析结果表明中国交通治理的基本思路应为:以政府为主导,将各种社会力量整合到交通决策与管理之中,培育交通民间组织与公共精神,从而形成共同体治理结构。     

基于copula的追随者银行的企业项目总体风险评价模型

基于追随者银行的企业项目总体风险评价问题是指当有银行作为先行者介入一个项目时,后续的其它另一个银行作为追随者银行需要将先行者银行的信用风险和所要参与投资的企业项目风险综合加以考虑、从而独立判断项目投资的总体风险大小并进行投资决策。由于任何一家银行都只能熟悉某一些领域、某一些地区、某一些国家的项目,这就导致追随者银行在无法充分掌握项目信息时,需要以先行者银行的信用风险大小为参照物之一来推断企业项目的总体风险,这不仅仅对投资和贷款业务开展较晚的例如中国邮政储蓄银行这样的商业银行有着重要现实意义,而且对所有商业银行的投资活动都有重要的指导意义。通过先行者银行信用风险与项目风险反映企业项目总体风险,本研究建立了基于Copula函数的追随者银行的企业项目总体风险评价模型。本文主要的创新与特色是通过确定先行者银行的信用风险R_F与项目风险R_p的函数关系,进而确定企业项目总体风险R_T,解决了追随者银行所要测算企业项目风险的问题。总体风险模型的稳定性检验表明,在95%的置信水平下,对追随者银行来说,不论多大样本,其所要投资项目的总体风险中的先行者银行信用风险R_F与所要投资的项目风险R_p的重要程度分别为W₁=0.428、W₂=0.572。     

经济周期波动视角下现金持有在企业产品市场定价中的竞争效应研究

现金储备支撑企业价格策略,产品价格相对成本的变化是价格决策的重要方面,影响企业产品市场竞争表现,因此本文利用制造业上市公司数据,重点研究现金持有对相对价格竞争行为及相对价格变动在产品市场竞争中发挥的作用,以及这种作用程度在经济不同时期是否有所差别,最后依据相对价格变动的中介效应研究现金持有影响产品市场竞争绩效的作用路径。研究结果表明,企业现金持有越充足,其在产品市场上价格相对成本而言下降的可能性和幅度也更大,进而为企业在产品市场上带来的竞争优势就越明显,但在经济周期不同阶段,作用程度不同。同时企业的价格竞争行为是现金持有支持企业获取竞争绩效的一种路径。本文的研究丰富了现有文献,为我国上市公司增强竞争力提供了一定的理论和实证依据。     

Income management in Australia: A critical examination of the evidence

The introduction of income management – sometimes called welfare quarantining – for subgroups of Australian income security recipients within the Northern Territory, and subsequently a number of other trial sites, has provoked considerable contention. The present study critically examined the arguments and evidence presented in favour of income management with particular reference to the guidelines, methodology and findings of official evaluations conducted by the Commonwealth Government. We identified five key issues that do not seem to be adequately addressed by official evaluations: choice and control, the quality of decision making, consultation with local community members, structural disadvantage and economic cost. We used these concepts to develop a proposed alternative model for assessing the impact of income management on local communities.